Structural Characterization Analyses of Low Brass Filler Biomaterial for Hard Tissue Implanted Scaffold Applications
A biomaterial was created for hard tissue implanted scaffolds as a translational therapeutic approach. The existing biomaterials containing titanium dioxide filler posed a risk of oxygen gas vacancy. This will block the canaliculars, leading to a limit on the nutrient fluid supply. To overcome this...
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Materials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/4/1421 |
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| author | Yan Yik Lim Azizi Miskon Ahmad Mujahid Ahmad Zaidi Megat Mohamad Hamdan Megat Ahmad Muhamad Abu Bakar |
| author_facet | Yan Yik Lim Azizi Miskon Ahmad Mujahid Ahmad Zaidi Megat Mohamad Hamdan Megat Ahmad Muhamad Abu Bakar |
| author_sort | Yan Yik Lim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A biomaterial was created for hard tissue implanted scaffolds as a translational therapeutic approach. The existing biomaterials containing titanium dioxide filler posed a risk of oxygen gas vacancy. This will block the canaliculars, leading to a limit on the nutrient fluid supply. To overcome this problem, low brass was used as an alternative filler to eliminate the gas vacancy. Low brass with composition percentages of 0%, 2%, 5%, 15%, and 30% was filled into the polyester urethane liquidusing the metallic filler polymer reinforced method. The structural characterizations of the low brass filler biomaterial were investigated by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy. The results showed the surface membrane strength was higher than the side and cross-section. The composition shapes found were hexagon for polyester urethane and peanut for low brass. Low brass stabilised polyester urethane in biomaterials by the formation of two 5-ringed tetrahedral crystal structures. The average pore diameter was 308.9 nm, which is suitable for articular cartilage cells. The pore distribution was quite dispersed, and its curve had a linear relationship between area and diameter, suggestive of the sphere-shaped pores. The average porosities were different between using FESEM results of 6.04% and the calculated result of 3.28%. In conclusion, this biomaterial had a higher surface membrane strength and rather homogeneous dispersed pore structures. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:32:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-694ff5924226403d8e5ec3f617dd919d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:32:26Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-694ff5924226403d8e5ec3f617dd919d2023-11-23T20:52:59ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442022-02-01154142110.3390/ma15041421Structural Characterization Analyses of Low Brass Filler Biomaterial for Hard Tissue Implanted Scaffold ApplicationsYan Yik Lim0Azizi Miskon1Ahmad Mujahid Ahmad Zaidi2Megat Mohamad Hamdan Megat Ahmad3Muhamad Abu Bakar4Faculty of Defence Science and Technology, National Defence University of Malaysia, Prime Camp, Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, MalaysiaFaculty of Engineering, National Defence University of Malaysia, Prime Camp, Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, MalaysiaFaculty of Defence Science and Technology, National Defence University of Malaysia, Prime Camp, Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, MalaysiaFaculty of Engineering, National Defence University of Malaysia, Prime Camp, Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, MalaysiaFaculty of Medicine and Defence Health, National Defence University of Malaysia, Prime Camp, Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, MalaysiaA biomaterial was created for hard tissue implanted scaffolds as a translational therapeutic approach. The existing biomaterials containing titanium dioxide filler posed a risk of oxygen gas vacancy. This will block the canaliculars, leading to a limit on the nutrient fluid supply. To overcome this problem, low brass was used as an alternative filler to eliminate the gas vacancy. Low brass with composition percentages of 0%, 2%, 5%, 15%, and 30% was filled into the polyester urethane liquidusing the metallic filler polymer reinforced method. The structural characterizations of the low brass filler biomaterial were investigated by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy. The results showed the surface membrane strength was higher than the side and cross-section. The composition shapes found were hexagon for polyester urethane and peanut for low brass. Low brass stabilised polyester urethane in biomaterials by the formation of two 5-ringed tetrahedral crystal structures. The average pore diameter was 308.9 nm, which is suitable for articular cartilage cells. The pore distribution was quite dispersed, and its curve had a linear relationship between area and diameter, suggestive of the sphere-shaped pores. The average porosities were different between using FESEM results of 6.04% and the calculated result of 3.28%. In conclusion, this biomaterial had a higher surface membrane strength and rather homogeneous dispersed pore structures.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/4/1421low brass fillermetallic filler polymer reinforcedbiomaterialhard tissue implanted scaffoldmicroscopy teststructural characterization |
| spellingShingle | Yan Yik Lim Azizi Miskon Ahmad Mujahid Ahmad Zaidi Megat Mohamad Hamdan Megat Ahmad Muhamad Abu Bakar Structural Characterization Analyses of Low Brass Filler Biomaterial for Hard Tissue Implanted Scaffold Applications Materials low brass filler metallic filler polymer reinforced biomaterial hard tissue implanted scaffold microscopy test structural characterization |
| title | Structural Characterization Analyses of Low Brass Filler Biomaterial for Hard Tissue Implanted Scaffold Applications |
| title_full | Structural Characterization Analyses of Low Brass Filler Biomaterial for Hard Tissue Implanted Scaffold Applications |
| title_fullStr | Structural Characterization Analyses of Low Brass Filler Biomaterial for Hard Tissue Implanted Scaffold Applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Structural Characterization Analyses of Low Brass Filler Biomaterial for Hard Tissue Implanted Scaffold Applications |
| title_short | Structural Characterization Analyses of Low Brass Filler Biomaterial for Hard Tissue Implanted Scaffold Applications |
| title_sort | structural characterization analyses of low brass filler biomaterial for hard tissue implanted scaffold applications |
| topic | low brass filler metallic filler polymer reinforced biomaterial hard tissue implanted scaffold microscopy test structural characterization |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/4/1421 |
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