State-of-the-Art Literature Review of Power Flow Control Methods for Low-Voltage AC and AC-DC Microgrids
The development of AC distribution systems provides for the seamless integration of low-voltage microgrids with distributed energy resources (DERs). This poses new challenges for the control of normal, emergency, and post-emergency states of microgrids, calling for the creation and development of in...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/7/3153 |
| _version_ | 1797608025324781568 |
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| author | Pavel Ilyushin Vladislav Volnyi Konstantin Suslov Sergey Filippov |
| author_facet | Pavel Ilyushin Vladislav Volnyi Konstantin Suslov Sergey Filippov |
| author_sort | Pavel Ilyushin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The development of AC distribution systems provides for the seamless integration of low-voltage microgrids with distributed energy resources (DERs). This poses new challenges for the control of normal, emergency, and post-emergency states of microgrids, calling for the creation and development of information and communications technology infrastructure. Power converters/inverters that are used to integrate renewable DERs lack inertia. Along with them, fossil fuel-fired generation units are also being integrated into microgrids. These include gas generator sets, diesel generator sets, and microturbines, having small (up to 1–2 s) values of mechanical inertia constants—<i>Tj</i>. This leads to an increase in the rate of transients by a factor of 5–10. Under these conditions, the technical requirements for the speed of automatic power flow control systems, as well as the methods they rely on, have to be reconsidered. Microgrids include DC microgrids, AC microgrids, and hybrid (AC-DC) microgrids. In the case of hybrid microgrids, DERs are connected to the DC grid and are integrated into the AC grid through a common inverter. The complexity of the task of microgrid control is due to the need to choose properly the type and extent of control actions so as to prevent the emergence and development of accidents. The employed control methods must ensure the reliable power supply to consumers and the quality of power in microgrids, as well as the reliable operation of the external distribution systems into which they are integrated. The article gives an overview of control methods for low-voltage AC and AC-DC microgrids, which allow one to tackle effectively solve the tasks. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:37:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6959a73a73354902a3671918c9277976 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:37:47Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-6959a73a73354902a3671918c92779762023-11-17T16:38:09ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732023-03-01167315310.3390/en16073153State-of-the-Art Literature Review of Power Flow Control Methods for Low-Voltage AC and AC-DC MicrogridsPavel Ilyushin0Vladislav Volnyi1Konstantin Suslov2Sergey Filippov3Department of Research on the Relationship between Energy and the Economy, Energy Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117186 Moscow, RussiaDepartment of Hydropower and Renewable Energy, National Research University “Moscow Power Engineering Institute”, 111250 Moscow, RussiaDepartment of Hydropower and Renewable Energy, National Research University “Moscow Power Engineering Institute”, 111250 Moscow, RussiaDepartment of Research on the Relationship between Energy and the Economy, Energy Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117186 Moscow, RussiaThe development of AC distribution systems provides for the seamless integration of low-voltage microgrids with distributed energy resources (DERs). This poses new challenges for the control of normal, emergency, and post-emergency states of microgrids, calling for the creation and development of information and communications technology infrastructure. Power converters/inverters that are used to integrate renewable DERs lack inertia. Along with them, fossil fuel-fired generation units are also being integrated into microgrids. These include gas generator sets, diesel generator sets, and microturbines, having small (up to 1–2 s) values of mechanical inertia constants—<i>Tj</i>. This leads to an increase in the rate of transients by a factor of 5–10. Under these conditions, the technical requirements for the speed of automatic power flow control systems, as well as the methods they rely on, have to be reconsidered. Microgrids include DC microgrids, AC microgrids, and hybrid (AC-DC) microgrids. In the case of hybrid microgrids, DERs are connected to the DC grid and are integrated into the AC grid through a common inverter. The complexity of the task of microgrid control is due to the need to choose properly the type and extent of control actions so as to prevent the emergence and development of accidents. The employed control methods must ensure the reliable power supply to consumers and the quality of power in microgrids, as well as the reliable operation of the external distribution systems into which they are integrated. The article gives an overview of control methods for low-voltage AC and AC-DC microgrids, which allow one to tackle effectively solve the tasks.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/7/3153microgriddistributed energy resourcesgenerating setrenewable energy sourcesinverterconverter |
| spellingShingle | Pavel Ilyushin Vladislav Volnyi Konstantin Suslov Sergey Filippov State-of-the-Art Literature Review of Power Flow Control Methods for Low-Voltage AC and AC-DC Microgrids Energies microgrid distributed energy resources generating set renewable energy sources inverter converter |
| title | State-of-the-Art Literature Review of Power Flow Control Methods for Low-Voltage AC and AC-DC Microgrids |
| title_full | State-of-the-Art Literature Review of Power Flow Control Methods for Low-Voltage AC and AC-DC Microgrids |
| title_fullStr | State-of-the-Art Literature Review of Power Flow Control Methods for Low-Voltage AC and AC-DC Microgrids |
| title_full_unstemmed | State-of-the-Art Literature Review of Power Flow Control Methods for Low-Voltage AC and AC-DC Microgrids |
| title_short | State-of-the-Art Literature Review of Power Flow Control Methods for Low-Voltage AC and AC-DC Microgrids |
| title_sort | state of the art literature review of power flow control methods for low voltage ac and ac dc microgrids |
| topic | microgrid distributed energy resources generating set renewable energy sources inverter converter |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/7/3153 |
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