Mechanisms of Antibiotic Failure During Staphylococcus aureus Osteomyelitis
Staphylococcus aureus is a highly successful Gram-positive pathogen capable of causing both superficial and invasive, life-threatening diseases. Of the invasive disease manifestations, osteomyelitis or infection of bone, is one of the most prevalent, with S. aureus serving as the most common etiolog...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.638085/full |
| _version_ | 1818416915482148864 |
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| author | Brittney D. Gimza James E. Cassat James E. Cassat James E. Cassat James E. Cassat James E. Cassat |
| author_facet | Brittney D. Gimza James E. Cassat James E. Cassat James E. Cassat James E. Cassat James E. Cassat |
| author_sort | Brittney D. Gimza |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Staphylococcus aureus is a highly successful Gram-positive pathogen capable of causing both superficial and invasive, life-threatening diseases. Of the invasive disease manifestations, osteomyelitis or infection of bone, is one of the most prevalent, with S. aureus serving as the most common etiologic agent. Treatment of osteomyelitis is arduous, and is made more difficult by the widespread emergence of antimicrobial resistant strains, the capacity of staphylococci to exhibit tolerance to antibiotics despite originating from a genetically susceptible background, and the significant bone remodeling and destruction that accompanies infection. As a result, there is a need for a better understanding of the factors that lead to antibiotic failure in invasive staphylococcal infections such as osteomyelitis. In this review article, we discuss the different non-resistance mechanisms of antibiotic failure in S. aureus. We focus on how bacterial niche and destructive tissue remodeling impact antibiotic efficacy, the significance of biofilm formation in promoting antibiotic tolerance and persister cell formation, metabolically quiescent small colony variants (SCVs), and potential antibiotic-protected reservoirs within the substructure of bone. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T11:58:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-696371898152493d9026222dad91f8ff |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T11:58:28Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-696371898152493d9026222dad91f8ff2022-12-21T23:02:03ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242021-02-011210.3389/fimmu.2021.638085638085Mechanisms of Antibiotic Failure During Staphylococcus aureus OsteomyelitisBrittney D. Gimza0James E. Cassat1James E. Cassat2James E. Cassat3James E. Cassat4James E. Cassat5Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United StatesDivision of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United StatesDepartment of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United StatesVanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United StatesDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United StatesVanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (VI4), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United StatesStaphylococcus aureus is a highly successful Gram-positive pathogen capable of causing both superficial and invasive, life-threatening diseases. Of the invasive disease manifestations, osteomyelitis or infection of bone, is one of the most prevalent, with S. aureus serving as the most common etiologic agent. Treatment of osteomyelitis is arduous, and is made more difficult by the widespread emergence of antimicrobial resistant strains, the capacity of staphylococci to exhibit tolerance to antibiotics despite originating from a genetically susceptible background, and the significant bone remodeling and destruction that accompanies infection. As a result, there is a need for a better understanding of the factors that lead to antibiotic failure in invasive staphylococcal infections such as osteomyelitis. In this review article, we discuss the different non-resistance mechanisms of antibiotic failure in S. aureus. We focus on how bacterial niche and destructive tissue remodeling impact antibiotic efficacy, the significance of biofilm formation in promoting antibiotic tolerance and persister cell formation, metabolically quiescent small colony variants (SCVs), and potential antibiotic-protected reservoirs within the substructure of bone.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.638085/fullStaphylococcus aureusosteomyelitisantibiotic failurebiofilmSCVspersisters |
| spellingShingle | Brittney D. Gimza James E. Cassat James E. Cassat James E. Cassat James E. Cassat James E. Cassat Mechanisms of Antibiotic Failure During Staphylococcus aureus Osteomyelitis Frontiers in Immunology Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis antibiotic failure biofilm SCVs persisters |
| title | Mechanisms of Antibiotic Failure During Staphylococcus aureus Osteomyelitis |
| title_full | Mechanisms of Antibiotic Failure During Staphylococcus aureus Osteomyelitis |
| title_fullStr | Mechanisms of Antibiotic Failure During Staphylococcus aureus Osteomyelitis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mechanisms of Antibiotic Failure During Staphylococcus aureus Osteomyelitis |
| title_short | Mechanisms of Antibiotic Failure During Staphylococcus aureus Osteomyelitis |
| title_sort | mechanisms of antibiotic failure during staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis |
| topic | Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis antibiotic failure biofilm SCVs persisters |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.638085/full |
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