Short-term exposure to JUUL electronic cigarettes can worsen ischemic stroke outcome
Abstract Background The short and long-term health effects of JUUL electronic cigarette (e-Cig) are largely unknown and warrant extensive research. We hypothesized that JUUL exposure could cause cerebrovascular toxicities impacting the progression and outcome of ischemic stroke comparable to tobacco...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Fluids and Barriers of the CNS |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12987-022-00371-7 |
| _version_ | 1811211721737502720 |
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| author | Ali Ehsan Sifat Sabrina Rahman Archie Saeideh Nozohouri Heidi Villalba Yong Zhang Sejal Sharma Yashwardhan Ghanwatkar Bhuvaneshwar Vaidya David Mara Luca Cucullo Thomas J. Abbruscato |
| author_facet | Ali Ehsan Sifat Sabrina Rahman Archie Saeideh Nozohouri Heidi Villalba Yong Zhang Sejal Sharma Yashwardhan Ghanwatkar Bhuvaneshwar Vaidya David Mara Luca Cucullo Thomas J. Abbruscato |
| author_sort | Ali Ehsan Sifat |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background The short and long-term health effects of JUUL electronic cigarette (e-Cig) are largely unknown and warrant extensive research. We hypothesized that JUUL exposure could cause cerebrovascular toxicities impacting the progression and outcome of ischemic stroke comparable to tobacco smoke (TS) exposure. Methods We exposed male C57 mice to TS/JUUL vapor for 14 days. LCMS/MS was used to measure brain and plasma nicotine and cotinine level. Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) followed by reperfusion was used to mimic ischemic stroke. Plasma levels of IL-6 and thrombomodulin were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. At the same time, western blotting was used to study blood–brain barrier (BBB) tight junction (TJ) proteins expression and key inflammatory and oxidative stress markers. Results tMCAO upregulated IL-6 and decreased plasma thrombomodulin levels. Post-ischemic brain injury following tMCAO was significantly worsened by JUUL/TS pre-exposure. TJ proteins expression was also downregulated by JUUL/TS pre-exposure after tMCAO. Like TS, exposure to JUUL downregulated the expression of the antioxidant Nrf2. ICAM-1 was upregulated in mice subjected to tMCAO following pre-exposure to TS or JUUL, with a greater effect of TS than JUUL. Conclusions These results suggest that JUUL exposure could negatively impact the cerebrovascular system, although to a lesser extent than TS exposure. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T05:16:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-696451fbefe141c0944ab743d3585158 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-8118 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T05:16:52Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Fluids and Barriers of the CNS |
| spelling | doaj.art-696451fbefe141c0944ab743d35851582022-12-22T03:46:36ZengBMCFluids and Barriers of the CNS2045-81182022-09-0119111510.1186/s12987-022-00371-7Short-term exposure to JUUL electronic cigarettes can worsen ischemic stroke outcomeAli Ehsan Sifat0Sabrina Rahman Archie1Saeideh Nozohouri2Heidi Villalba3Yong Zhang4Sejal Sharma5Yashwardhan Ghanwatkar6Bhuvaneshwar Vaidya7David Mara8Luca Cucullo9Thomas J. Abbruscato10Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences CenterDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences CenterDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences CenterDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences CenterDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences CenterDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences CenterDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences CenterDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences CenterDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences CenterOakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, O’ Dowd HallDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences CenterAbstract Background The short and long-term health effects of JUUL electronic cigarette (e-Cig) are largely unknown and warrant extensive research. We hypothesized that JUUL exposure could cause cerebrovascular toxicities impacting the progression and outcome of ischemic stroke comparable to tobacco smoke (TS) exposure. Methods We exposed male C57 mice to TS/JUUL vapor for 14 days. LCMS/MS was used to measure brain and plasma nicotine and cotinine level. Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) followed by reperfusion was used to mimic ischemic stroke. Plasma levels of IL-6 and thrombomodulin were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. At the same time, western blotting was used to study blood–brain barrier (BBB) tight junction (TJ) proteins expression and key inflammatory and oxidative stress markers. Results tMCAO upregulated IL-6 and decreased plasma thrombomodulin levels. Post-ischemic brain injury following tMCAO was significantly worsened by JUUL/TS pre-exposure. TJ proteins expression was also downregulated by JUUL/TS pre-exposure after tMCAO. Like TS, exposure to JUUL downregulated the expression of the antioxidant Nrf2. ICAM-1 was upregulated in mice subjected to tMCAO following pre-exposure to TS or JUUL, with a greater effect of TS than JUUL. Conclusions These results suggest that JUUL exposure could negatively impact the cerebrovascular system, although to a lesser extent than TS exposure.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12987-022-00371-7CerebrovascularBlood–brain barrierVapingOxidativeInflammationEndothelium |
| spellingShingle | Ali Ehsan Sifat Sabrina Rahman Archie Saeideh Nozohouri Heidi Villalba Yong Zhang Sejal Sharma Yashwardhan Ghanwatkar Bhuvaneshwar Vaidya David Mara Luca Cucullo Thomas J. Abbruscato Short-term exposure to JUUL electronic cigarettes can worsen ischemic stroke outcome Fluids and Barriers of the CNS Cerebrovascular Blood–brain barrier Vaping Oxidative Inflammation Endothelium |
| title | Short-term exposure to JUUL electronic cigarettes can worsen ischemic stroke outcome |
| title_full | Short-term exposure to JUUL electronic cigarettes can worsen ischemic stroke outcome |
| title_fullStr | Short-term exposure to JUUL electronic cigarettes can worsen ischemic stroke outcome |
| title_full_unstemmed | Short-term exposure to JUUL electronic cigarettes can worsen ischemic stroke outcome |
| title_short | Short-term exposure to JUUL electronic cigarettes can worsen ischemic stroke outcome |
| title_sort | short term exposure to juul electronic cigarettes can worsen ischemic stroke outcome |
| topic | Cerebrovascular Blood–brain barrier Vaping Oxidative Inflammation Endothelium |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12987-022-00371-7 |
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