Assessing the Cost of Global Biodiversity and Conservation Knowledge.
Knowledge products comprise assessments of authoritative information supported by standards, governance, quality control, data, tools, and capacity building mechanisms. Considerable resources are dedicated to developing and maintaining knowledge products for biodiversity conservation, and they are w...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2016-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4986939?pdf=render |
| _version_ | 1828919990234906624 |
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| author | Diego Juffe-Bignoli Thomas M Brooks Stuart H M Butchart Richard B Jenkins Kaia Boe Michael Hoffmann Ariadne Angulo Steve Bachman Monika Böhm Neil Brummitt Kent E Carpenter Pat J Comer Neil Cox Annabelle Cuttelod William R T Darwall Moreno Di Marco Lincoln D C Fishpool Bárbara Goettsch Melanie Heath Craig Hilton-Taylor Jon Hutton Tim Johnson Ackbar Joolia David A Keith Penny F Langhammer Jennifer Luedtke Eimear Nic Lughadha Maiko Lutz Ian May Rebecca M Miller María A Oliveira-Miranda Mike Parr Caroline M Pollock Gina Ralph Jon Paul Rodríguez Carlo Rondinini Jane Smart Simon Stuart Andy Symes Andrew W Tordoff Stephen Woodley Bruce Young Naomi Kingston |
| author_facet | Diego Juffe-Bignoli Thomas M Brooks Stuart H M Butchart Richard B Jenkins Kaia Boe Michael Hoffmann Ariadne Angulo Steve Bachman Monika Böhm Neil Brummitt Kent E Carpenter Pat J Comer Neil Cox Annabelle Cuttelod William R T Darwall Moreno Di Marco Lincoln D C Fishpool Bárbara Goettsch Melanie Heath Craig Hilton-Taylor Jon Hutton Tim Johnson Ackbar Joolia David A Keith Penny F Langhammer Jennifer Luedtke Eimear Nic Lughadha Maiko Lutz Ian May Rebecca M Miller María A Oliveira-Miranda Mike Parr Caroline M Pollock Gina Ralph Jon Paul Rodríguez Carlo Rondinini Jane Smart Simon Stuart Andy Symes Andrew W Tordoff Stephen Woodley Bruce Young Naomi Kingston |
| author_sort | Diego Juffe-Bignoli |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Knowledge products comprise assessments of authoritative information supported by standards, governance, quality control, data, tools, and capacity building mechanisms. Considerable resources are dedicated to developing and maintaining knowledge products for biodiversity conservation, and they are widely used to inform policy and advise decision makers and practitioners. However, the financial cost of delivering this information is largely undocumented. We evaluated the costs and funding sources for developing and maintaining four global biodiversity and conservation knowledge products: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, the IUCN Red List of Ecosystems, Protected Planet, and the World Database of Key Biodiversity Areas. These are secondary data sets, built on primary data collected by extensive networks of expert contributors worldwide. We estimate that US$160 million (range: US$116-204 million), plus 293 person-years of volunteer time (range: 278-308 person-years) valued at US$ 14 million (range US$12-16 million), were invested in these four knowledge products between 1979 and 2013. More than half of this financing was provided through philanthropy, and nearly three-quarters was spent on personnel costs. The estimated annual cost of maintaining data and platforms for three of these knowledge products (excluding the IUCN Red List of Ecosystems for which annual costs were not possible to estimate for 2013) is US$6.5 million in total (range: US$6.2-6.7 million). We estimated that an additional US$114 million will be needed to reach pre-defined baselines of data coverage for all the four knowledge products, and that once achieved, annual maintenance costs will be approximately US$12 million. These costs are much lower than those to maintain many other, similarly important, global knowledge products. Ensuring that biodiversity and conservation knowledge products are sufficiently up to date, comprehensive and accurate is fundamental to inform decision-making for biodiversity conservation and sustainable development. Thus, the development and implementation of plans for sustainable long-term financing for them is critical. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T21:38:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-69654c3982da4c5db7b61cf50b966da4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T21:38:34Z |
| publishDate | 2016-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj.art-69654c3982da4c5db7b61cf50b966da42022-12-21T23:30:37ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032016-01-01118e016064010.1371/journal.pone.0160640Assessing the Cost of Global Biodiversity and Conservation Knowledge.Diego Juffe-BignoliThomas M BrooksStuart H M ButchartRichard B JenkinsKaia BoeMichael HoffmannAriadne AnguloSteve BachmanMonika BöhmNeil BrummittKent E CarpenterPat J ComerNeil CoxAnnabelle CuttelodWilliam R T DarwallMoreno Di MarcoLincoln D C FishpoolBárbara GoettschMelanie HeathCraig Hilton-TaylorJon HuttonTim JohnsonAckbar JooliaDavid A KeithPenny F LanghammerJennifer LuedtkeEimear Nic LughadhaMaiko LutzIan MayRebecca M MillerMaría A Oliveira-MirandaMike ParrCaroline M PollockGina RalphJon Paul RodríguezCarlo RondininiJane SmartSimon StuartAndy SymesAndrew W TordoffStephen WoodleyBruce YoungNaomi KingstonKnowledge products comprise assessments of authoritative information supported by standards, governance, quality control, data, tools, and capacity building mechanisms. Considerable resources are dedicated to developing and maintaining knowledge products for biodiversity conservation, and they are widely used to inform policy and advise decision makers and practitioners. However, the financial cost of delivering this information is largely undocumented. We evaluated the costs and funding sources for developing and maintaining four global biodiversity and conservation knowledge products: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, the IUCN Red List of Ecosystems, Protected Planet, and the World Database of Key Biodiversity Areas. These are secondary data sets, built on primary data collected by extensive networks of expert contributors worldwide. We estimate that US$160 million (range: US$116-204 million), plus 293 person-years of volunteer time (range: 278-308 person-years) valued at US$ 14 million (range US$12-16 million), were invested in these four knowledge products between 1979 and 2013. More than half of this financing was provided through philanthropy, and nearly three-quarters was spent on personnel costs. The estimated annual cost of maintaining data and platforms for three of these knowledge products (excluding the IUCN Red List of Ecosystems for which annual costs were not possible to estimate for 2013) is US$6.5 million in total (range: US$6.2-6.7 million). We estimated that an additional US$114 million will be needed to reach pre-defined baselines of data coverage for all the four knowledge products, and that once achieved, annual maintenance costs will be approximately US$12 million. These costs are much lower than those to maintain many other, similarly important, global knowledge products. Ensuring that biodiversity and conservation knowledge products are sufficiently up to date, comprehensive and accurate is fundamental to inform decision-making for biodiversity conservation and sustainable development. Thus, the development and implementation of plans for sustainable long-term financing for them is critical.http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4986939?pdf=render |
| spellingShingle | Diego Juffe-Bignoli Thomas M Brooks Stuart H M Butchart Richard B Jenkins Kaia Boe Michael Hoffmann Ariadne Angulo Steve Bachman Monika Böhm Neil Brummitt Kent E Carpenter Pat J Comer Neil Cox Annabelle Cuttelod William R T Darwall Moreno Di Marco Lincoln D C Fishpool Bárbara Goettsch Melanie Heath Craig Hilton-Taylor Jon Hutton Tim Johnson Ackbar Joolia David A Keith Penny F Langhammer Jennifer Luedtke Eimear Nic Lughadha Maiko Lutz Ian May Rebecca M Miller María A Oliveira-Miranda Mike Parr Caroline M Pollock Gina Ralph Jon Paul Rodríguez Carlo Rondinini Jane Smart Simon Stuart Andy Symes Andrew W Tordoff Stephen Woodley Bruce Young Naomi Kingston Assessing the Cost of Global Biodiversity and Conservation Knowledge. PLoS ONE |
| title | Assessing the Cost of Global Biodiversity and Conservation Knowledge. |
| title_full | Assessing the Cost of Global Biodiversity and Conservation Knowledge. |
| title_fullStr | Assessing the Cost of Global Biodiversity and Conservation Knowledge. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessing the Cost of Global Biodiversity and Conservation Knowledge. |
| title_short | Assessing the Cost of Global Biodiversity and Conservation Knowledge. |
| title_sort | assessing the cost of global biodiversity and conservation knowledge |
| url | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4986939?pdf=render |
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