Leech therapy (Hirudo medicinalis) attenuates testicular damages induced by testicular ischemia/reperfusion in an animal model
Abstract Background Testicular torsion/detorsion triggers tissue ischemia/reperfusion, leading to reactive oxygen species overgeneration and apoptosis. The saliva of leeches is full of anti-inflammatory, anticoagulants, antioxidants, and antimicrobial agents. Therefore, this study aimed to assess th...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2021-07-01
|
| Series: | BMC Veterinary Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-021-02951-5 |
| _version_ | 1819152011749228544 |
|---|---|
| author | Farshid Davoodi Shayan Taheri Abbas Raisi Asghar Rajabzadeh Amir Zakian Mohammad Hassan Hablolvarid Hassan Ahmadvand |
| author_facet | Farshid Davoodi Shayan Taheri Abbas Raisi Asghar Rajabzadeh Amir Zakian Mohammad Hassan Hablolvarid Hassan Ahmadvand |
| author_sort | Farshid Davoodi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Testicular torsion/detorsion triggers tissue ischemia/reperfusion, leading to reactive oxygen species overgeneration and apoptosis. The saliva of leeches is full of anti-inflammatory, anticoagulants, antioxidants, and antimicrobial agents. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the protective mechanism of leech therapy on testicular ischemia/reperfusion damage. Methods 18 adult male rats were randomly divided into three groups: 1-Sham-operated group (SO). 2-Torsion/detorsion (T.D) group: two hours of testicular torsion with two hours of testicular detorsion was performed. 3-Torsion/detorsion + Leech therapy (TDL) group. Sperm parameters (motility, vitality, morphology, and concentration), oxidative stress biomarkers (MDA, CAT, GPx, and TAC), histopathological factors (Mean seminiferous tubular diameter, Germinal epithelial cell thickness, Testicular capsule thickness, Johnson’s score, and Cosentino’s score), and immunohistochemical markers for apoptosis detection (Bax, Bcl-2, and Caspase-3) were measured. Results There was a significant difference for all sperm parameters in the T. D group compared to the sham group. Leech therapy significantly increased progressive motility and normal morphology and reduced non-progressive motility. In the TDL group, MDA concentration significantly reduced, and levels of GPx, TAC, and CAT remarkably increased. All evaluated histopathological parameters in the TDL group significantly increased compared to the T. D group except for the testicular capsule thickness. T. D notably increased the expression of Bax and Caspase-3, while the treatment group slowed the rate of apoptosis compared to the control group. Bcl-2 expression in the T. D group was significantly lower than that in the sham group. Leech therapy increased the Bcl-2 expression. Conclusion Leech therapy attenuates damages to testicular tissue following torsion/detorsion due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects. Hence, it can be considered as an effective remedy for testicular ischemia/reperfusion. Graphical abstract |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T14:42:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6978e4b6d1dc4148bf657440dfb76312 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1746-6148 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T14:42:31Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Veterinary Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-6978e4b6d1dc4148bf657440dfb763122022-12-21T18:22:32ZengBMCBMC Veterinary Research1746-61482021-07-0117111510.1186/s12917-021-02951-5Leech therapy (Hirudo medicinalis) attenuates testicular damages induced by testicular ischemia/reperfusion in an animal modelFarshid Davoodi0Shayan Taheri1Abbas Raisi2Asghar Rajabzadeh3Amir Zakian4Mohammad Hassan Hablolvarid5Hassan Ahmadvand6Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan UniversityDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan UniversityDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan UniversityRazi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan UniversityRazi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agriculture Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO)Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical SciencesAbstract Background Testicular torsion/detorsion triggers tissue ischemia/reperfusion, leading to reactive oxygen species overgeneration and apoptosis. The saliva of leeches is full of anti-inflammatory, anticoagulants, antioxidants, and antimicrobial agents. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the protective mechanism of leech therapy on testicular ischemia/reperfusion damage. Methods 18 adult male rats were randomly divided into three groups: 1-Sham-operated group (SO). 2-Torsion/detorsion (T.D) group: two hours of testicular torsion with two hours of testicular detorsion was performed. 3-Torsion/detorsion + Leech therapy (TDL) group. Sperm parameters (motility, vitality, morphology, and concentration), oxidative stress biomarkers (MDA, CAT, GPx, and TAC), histopathological factors (Mean seminiferous tubular diameter, Germinal epithelial cell thickness, Testicular capsule thickness, Johnson’s score, and Cosentino’s score), and immunohistochemical markers for apoptosis detection (Bax, Bcl-2, and Caspase-3) were measured. Results There was a significant difference for all sperm parameters in the T. D group compared to the sham group. Leech therapy significantly increased progressive motility and normal morphology and reduced non-progressive motility. In the TDL group, MDA concentration significantly reduced, and levels of GPx, TAC, and CAT remarkably increased. All evaluated histopathological parameters in the TDL group significantly increased compared to the T. D group except for the testicular capsule thickness. T. D notably increased the expression of Bax and Caspase-3, while the treatment group slowed the rate of apoptosis compared to the control group. Bcl-2 expression in the T. D group was significantly lower than that in the sham group. Leech therapy increased the Bcl-2 expression. Conclusion Leech therapy attenuates damages to testicular tissue following torsion/detorsion due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects. Hence, it can be considered as an effective remedy for testicular ischemia/reperfusion. Graphical abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-021-02951-5Spermatic cord torsionTesticular ischemia/reperfusionLeech therapyHirudo medicinalisOxidative stressSperm parameters |
| spellingShingle | Farshid Davoodi Shayan Taheri Abbas Raisi Asghar Rajabzadeh Amir Zakian Mohammad Hassan Hablolvarid Hassan Ahmadvand Leech therapy (Hirudo medicinalis) attenuates testicular damages induced by testicular ischemia/reperfusion in an animal model BMC Veterinary Research Spermatic cord torsion Testicular ischemia/reperfusion Leech therapy Hirudo medicinalis Oxidative stress Sperm parameters |
| title | Leech therapy (Hirudo medicinalis) attenuates testicular damages induced by testicular ischemia/reperfusion in an animal model |
| title_full | Leech therapy (Hirudo medicinalis) attenuates testicular damages induced by testicular ischemia/reperfusion in an animal model |
| title_fullStr | Leech therapy (Hirudo medicinalis) attenuates testicular damages induced by testicular ischemia/reperfusion in an animal model |
| title_full_unstemmed | Leech therapy (Hirudo medicinalis) attenuates testicular damages induced by testicular ischemia/reperfusion in an animal model |
| title_short | Leech therapy (Hirudo medicinalis) attenuates testicular damages induced by testicular ischemia/reperfusion in an animal model |
| title_sort | leech therapy hirudo medicinalis attenuates testicular damages induced by testicular ischemia reperfusion in an animal model |
| topic | Spermatic cord torsion Testicular ischemia/reperfusion Leech therapy Hirudo medicinalis Oxidative stress Sperm parameters |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-021-02951-5 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT farshiddavoodi leechtherapyhirudomedicinalisattenuatestesticulardamagesinducedbytesticularischemiareperfusioninananimalmodel AT shayantaheri leechtherapyhirudomedicinalisattenuatestesticulardamagesinducedbytesticularischemiareperfusioninananimalmodel AT abbasraisi leechtherapyhirudomedicinalisattenuatestesticulardamagesinducedbytesticularischemiareperfusioninananimalmodel AT asgharrajabzadeh leechtherapyhirudomedicinalisattenuatestesticulardamagesinducedbytesticularischemiareperfusioninananimalmodel AT amirzakian leechtherapyhirudomedicinalisattenuatestesticulardamagesinducedbytesticularischemiareperfusioninananimalmodel AT mohammadhassanhablolvarid leechtherapyhirudomedicinalisattenuatestesticulardamagesinducedbytesticularischemiareperfusioninananimalmodel AT hassanahmadvand leechtherapyhirudomedicinalisattenuatestesticulardamagesinducedbytesticularischemiareperfusioninananimalmodel |