Etiology of febrile respiratory infections in the general adult population in Singapore, 2007–2013
Pathogens that cause upper respiratory infections are numerous and specific preventive and therapeutic strategies are scarce. In order to ascertain the etiological agents resulting in upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) in adults in Singapore, nasal swab samples were collected from 2057 patien...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Heliyon |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844021004345 |
| _version_ | 1818879621812191232 |
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| author | Yihui Chen Marcus G. Mah Jenny G.H. Low Eng Eong Ooi Yvonne C.F. Su Mahesh Moorthy Gavin J.D. Smith Martin Linster |
| author_facet | Yihui Chen Marcus G. Mah Jenny G.H. Low Eng Eong Ooi Yvonne C.F. Su Mahesh Moorthy Gavin J.D. Smith Martin Linster |
| author_sort | Yihui Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Pathogens that cause upper respiratory infections are numerous and specific preventive and therapeutic strategies are scarce. In order to ascertain the etiological agents resulting in upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) in adults in Singapore, nasal swab samples were collected from 2057 patients presenting with fever at primary healthcare clinics in Singapore from December 2007 to February 2013. Samples were tested using the Luminex NxTAG Respiratory Pathogen Panel that includes 22 respiratory pathogen targets. Patient-reported symptoms and vital signs were recorded and full blood and differential counts taken. Pathogens were detected in the following order of frequency: influenza viruses, rhino-/enteroviruses, coronaviruses, parainfluenza viruses, pneumoviruses, adenovirus, bocavirus and C. pneumoniae. Fifteen virus species were detected as part of coinfections, in which rhinoviruses were the most commonly observed pathogen. Our results suggest that influenza viruses are the main etiological agents, but multiple other respiratory viruses contribute to the total burden of URTI in adults in Singapore. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T14:32:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-697dd8193f3248d9b86046179ece75dd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2405-8440 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T14:32:59Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Heliyon |
| spelling | doaj.art-697dd8193f3248d9b86046179ece75dd2022-12-21T20:17:22ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402021-02-0172e06329Etiology of febrile respiratory infections in the general adult population in Singapore, 2007–2013Yihui Chen0Marcus G. Mah1Jenny G.H. Low2Eng Eong Ooi3Yvonne C.F. Su4Mahesh Moorthy5Gavin J.D. Smith6Martin Linster7Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, SingaporeProgramme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, SingaporeProgramme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169856, SingaporeProgramme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, SingaporeProgramme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, SingaporeProgramme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, SingaporeProgramme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; SingHealth Duke-NUS Global Health Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore; Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA; Corresponding author.Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; Corresponding author.Pathogens that cause upper respiratory infections are numerous and specific preventive and therapeutic strategies are scarce. In order to ascertain the etiological agents resulting in upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) in adults in Singapore, nasal swab samples were collected from 2057 patients presenting with fever at primary healthcare clinics in Singapore from December 2007 to February 2013. Samples were tested using the Luminex NxTAG Respiratory Pathogen Panel that includes 22 respiratory pathogen targets. Patient-reported symptoms and vital signs were recorded and full blood and differential counts taken. Pathogens were detected in the following order of frequency: influenza viruses, rhino-/enteroviruses, coronaviruses, parainfluenza viruses, pneumoviruses, adenovirus, bocavirus and C. pneumoniae. Fifteen virus species were detected as part of coinfections, in which rhinoviruses were the most commonly observed pathogen. Our results suggest that influenza viruses are the main etiological agents, but multiple other respiratory viruses contribute to the total burden of URTI in adults in Singapore.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844021004345Upper respiratory tract infectionVirus etiologySingapore, Adults, Viral infection |
| spellingShingle | Yihui Chen Marcus G. Mah Jenny G.H. Low Eng Eong Ooi Yvonne C.F. Su Mahesh Moorthy Gavin J.D. Smith Martin Linster Etiology of febrile respiratory infections in the general adult population in Singapore, 2007–2013 Heliyon Upper respiratory tract infection Virus etiology Singapore, Adults, Viral infection |
| title | Etiology of febrile respiratory infections in the general adult population in Singapore, 2007–2013 |
| title_full | Etiology of febrile respiratory infections in the general adult population in Singapore, 2007–2013 |
| title_fullStr | Etiology of febrile respiratory infections in the general adult population in Singapore, 2007–2013 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Etiology of febrile respiratory infections in the general adult population in Singapore, 2007–2013 |
| title_short | Etiology of febrile respiratory infections in the general adult population in Singapore, 2007–2013 |
| title_sort | etiology of febrile respiratory infections in the general adult population in singapore 2007 2013 |
| topic | Upper respiratory tract infection Virus etiology Singapore, Adults, Viral infection |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844021004345 |
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