Effect of Embryonic Alcohol Exposure on Craniofacial and Skin Melanocyte Development: Insights from Zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>)
Alcohol is a common addictive substance and prenatal alcohol exposure could cause fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) and can lead to various birth defects. The small teleost zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>) has been identified as a fine animal model in developmental biology and toxicol...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Toxics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/10/9/544 |
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| author | Parnia Azimian Zavareh Praneeth Silva Nuwanthika Gimhani Devi Atukorallaya |
| author_facet | Parnia Azimian Zavareh Praneeth Silva Nuwanthika Gimhani Devi Atukorallaya |
| author_sort | Parnia Azimian Zavareh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Alcohol is a common addictive substance and prenatal alcohol exposure could cause fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) and can lead to various birth defects. The small teleost zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>) has been identified as a fine animal model in developmental biology and toxicological research. Zebrafish models are widely used to study the harmful effects of alcohol and limited studies are available on the craniofacial and skin malformations associated with FASD. The present study attempts to investigate the effect of alcohol on early zebrafish embryonic development. The effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on neural crest cell-derived organ formation, including pharyngeal dentition, palatal bones and skin melanocytes were analysed. Whole-mount cartilage and bone staining and imaging techniques were applied to determine the effects of alcohol on the above-mentioned structures. The tooth size and shape were affected by alcohol exposure, but the number of teeth in the pharyngeal dentition was not affected. Only first-generation teeth showed size differences. The alcohol-exposed ethmoid bone, which is homologous to the human hard palate, was smaller and less dense in cell arrangement compared with the control medial ethmoid bone. The skin pigmentation defects included reduced melanocyte density, melanin contraction, smaller melanocyte surface area and aberrations in melanosome dispersion, revealing that alcohol significantly influenced and downregulated each and every step of the melanocyte developmental process. This descriptive study summarises the effects of alcohol on the development of neural crest cell-derived structures and highlights the importance of zebrafish in studying the phenotypic characteristics of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:20:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-69838733562449679f973ddc37f12823 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2305-6304 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:20:12Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxics |
| spelling | doaj.art-69838733562449679f973ddc37f128232023-11-23T19:16:01ZengMDPI AGToxics2305-63042022-09-0110954410.3390/toxics10090544Effect of Embryonic Alcohol Exposure on Craniofacial and Skin Melanocyte Development: Insights from Zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>)Parnia Azimian Zavareh0Praneeth Silva1Nuwanthika Gimhani2Devi Atukorallaya3Department of Oral Biology, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W2, CanadaDepartment of Oral Biology, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W2, CanadaDepartment of Oral Biology, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W2, CanadaDepartment of Oral Biology, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W2, CanadaAlcohol is a common addictive substance and prenatal alcohol exposure could cause fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) and can lead to various birth defects. The small teleost zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>) has been identified as a fine animal model in developmental biology and toxicological research. Zebrafish models are widely used to study the harmful effects of alcohol and limited studies are available on the craniofacial and skin malformations associated with FASD. The present study attempts to investigate the effect of alcohol on early zebrafish embryonic development. The effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on neural crest cell-derived organ formation, including pharyngeal dentition, palatal bones and skin melanocytes were analysed. Whole-mount cartilage and bone staining and imaging techniques were applied to determine the effects of alcohol on the above-mentioned structures. The tooth size and shape were affected by alcohol exposure, but the number of teeth in the pharyngeal dentition was not affected. Only first-generation teeth showed size differences. The alcohol-exposed ethmoid bone, which is homologous to the human hard palate, was smaller and less dense in cell arrangement compared with the control medial ethmoid bone. The skin pigmentation defects included reduced melanocyte density, melanin contraction, smaller melanocyte surface area and aberrations in melanosome dispersion, revealing that alcohol significantly influenced and downregulated each and every step of the melanocyte developmental process. This descriptive study summarises the effects of alcohol on the development of neural crest cell-derived structures and highlights the importance of zebrafish in studying the phenotypic characteristics of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/10/9/544zebrafishteethethmoid bonemelanocytesneural crest cellsfetal alcohol spectrum disorder |
| spellingShingle | Parnia Azimian Zavareh Praneeth Silva Nuwanthika Gimhani Devi Atukorallaya Effect of Embryonic Alcohol Exposure on Craniofacial and Skin Melanocyte Development: Insights from Zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>) Toxics zebrafish teeth ethmoid bone melanocytes neural crest cells fetal alcohol spectrum disorder |
| title | Effect of Embryonic Alcohol Exposure on Craniofacial and Skin Melanocyte Development: Insights from Zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>) |
| title_full | Effect of Embryonic Alcohol Exposure on Craniofacial and Skin Melanocyte Development: Insights from Zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>) |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Embryonic Alcohol Exposure on Craniofacial and Skin Melanocyte Development: Insights from Zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Embryonic Alcohol Exposure on Craniofacial and Skin Melanocyte Development: Insights from Zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>) |
| title_short | Effect of Embryonic Alcohol Exposure on Craniofacial and Skin Melanocyte Development: Insights from Zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>) |
| title_sort | effect of embryonic alcohol exposure on craniofacial and skin melanocyte development insights from zebrafish i danio rerio i |
| topic | zebrafish teeth ethmoid bone melanocytes neural crest cells fetal alcohol spectrum disorder |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/10/9/544 |
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