Reduction of microbial populations and cross-contamination of Salmonella Typhimurium and the surrogate Enterococcus faecium on tomatoes during triple-wash using off-label concentrations of a combination of peroxyacetic acid and hydrogen peroxide
This study aims to determine the minimal concentrations of a 23% hydrogen peroxide and 5.3% peroxyacetic acid (H2O2-PAA) mixture required to prevent microbial cross-contamination of Salmonella and the potential surrogate Enterococcus faecium on tomatoes. Nalidixic acid-resistant (NaL) S. Typhimurium...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Journal of Agriculture and Food Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666154323000492 |
| _version_ | 1797823085665058816 |
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| author | Rebecca Stearns Corey Coe Kristen Matak Annette Freshour Jacek Jaczynski Yangchao Luo Cangliang Shen |
| author_facet | Rebecca Stearns Corey Coe Kristen Matak Annette Freshour Jacek Jaczynski Yangchao Luo Cangliang Shen |
| author_sort | Rebecca Stearns |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study aims to determine the minimal concentrations of a 23% hydrogen peroxide and 5.3% peroxyacetic acid (H2O2-PAA) mixture required to prevent microbial cross-contamination of Salmonella and the potential surrogate Enterococcus faecium on tomatoes. Nalidixic acid-resistant (NaL) S. Typhimurium (5.15 log10MPN/g) or E. faecium (5.29 log10MPN/g) inoculated tomatoes were triple-washed for 45 s at each step using a water + antimicrobial + water (WAW) or water + water + antimicrobial (WWA) wash strategy with a solution of H2O2-PAA at 0 (control) and off-label concentrations of 0.50 and 0.70%. A most probable number (MPN) method was used to analyze the microbial reductions and cross-contamination trasnferred cell counts. Significant reductions (P < 0.05) of Salmonella were only achieved when the off-label concentration of 0.7% H2O2-PAA was applied using the WWA strategy. When LS-Means were calculated, there were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in reductions of S. Typhimurium or E. faecium regardless of wash strategy. Cross-contamination of S. Typhimurium was prevented at 0.7% of H2O2-PAA using the WWA strategy, and E. faecium was prevented at and above 0.50% of H2O2-PAA, respectively, regardless of wash strategy. There were no differences (P > 0.05) of bacterial cell survival in triple-wash solutions between S. Typhimurium and E. faecium. Results suggested that E. faecium could be an acceptable surrogate for S. Typhimurium when validating antimicrobial washing systems on tomatoes. The off-label concentrations of H2O2-PAA that were tested resulted in non-detectable microbial cross-contamination. Off-label use of antimicrobials is not encouraged until future research determines the safety of these greater concentrations prior to their implementation in commercial settings. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T10:18:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6987ecb9f1a6421290653bd3d9552367 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2666-1543 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T10:18:47Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Agriculture and Food Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-6987ecb9f1a6421290653bd3d95523672023-05-21T04:35:35ZengElsevierJournal of Agriculture and Food Research2666-15432023-06-0112100542Reduction of microbial populations and cross-contamination of Salmonella Typhimurium and the surrogate Enterococcus faecium on tomatoes during triple-wash using off-label concentrations of a combination of peroxyacetic acid and hydrogen peroxideRebecca Stearns0Corey Coe1Kristen Matak2Annette Freshour3Jacek Jaczynski4Yangchao Luo5Cangliang Shen6Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USADivision of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USADivision of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USADivision of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USADivision of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USADepartment of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USADivision of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA; Corresponding author.This study aims to determine the minimal concentrations of a 23% hydrogen peroxide and 5.3% peroxyacetic acid (H2O2-PAA) mixture required to prevent microbial cross-contamination of Salmonella and the potential surrogate Enterococcus faecium on tomatoes. Nalidixic acid-resistant (NaL) S. Typhimurium (5.15 log10MPN/g) or E. faecium (5.29 log10MPN/g) inoculated tomatoes were triple-washed for 45 s at each step using a water + antimicrobial + water (WAW) or water + water + antimicrobial (WWA) wash strategy with a solution of H2O2-PAA at 0 (control) and off-label concentrations of 0.50 and 0.70%. A most probable number (MPN) method was used to analyze the microbial reductions and cross-contamination trasnferred cell counts. Significant reductions (P < 0.05) of Salmonella were only achieved when the off-label concentration of 0.7% H2O2-PAA was applied using the WWA strategy. When LS-Means were calculated, there were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in reductions of S. Typhimurium or E. faecium regardless of wash strategy. Cross-contamination of S. Typhimurium was prevented at 0.7% of H2O2-PAA using the WWA strategy, and E. faecium was prevented at and above 0.50% of H2O2-PAA, respectively, regardless of wash strategy. There were no differences (P > 0.05) of bacterial cell survival in triple-wash solutions between S. Typhimurium and E. faecium. Results suggested that E. faecium could be an acceptable surrogate for S. Typhimurium when validating antimicrobial washing systems on tomatoes. The off-label concentrations of H2O2-PAA that were tested resulted in non-detectable microbial cross-contamination. Off-label use of antimicrobials is not encouraged until future research determines the safety of these greater concentrations prior to their implementation in commercial settings.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666154323000492Triple-washSalmonellaEnterococcus faeciumTomatoesPeroxyacetic acidHydrogen peroxide |
| spellingShingle | Rebecca Stearns Corey Coe Kristen Matak Annette Freshour Jacek Jaczynski Yangchao Luo Cangliang Shen Reduction of microbial populations and cross-contamination of Salmonella Typhimurium and the surrogate Enterococcus faecium on tomatoes during triple-wash using off-label concentrations of a combination of peroxyacetic acid and hydrogen peroxide Journal of Agriculture and Food Research Triple-wash Salmonella Enterococcus faecium Tomatoes Peroxyacetic acid Hydrogen peroxide |
| title | Reduction of microbial populations and cross-contamination of Salmonella Typhimurium and the surrogate Enterococcus faecium on tomatoes during triple-wash using off-label concentrations of a combination of peroxyacetic acid and hydrogen peroxide |
| title_full | Reduction of microbial populations and cross-contamination of Salmonella Typhimurium and the surrogate Enterococcus faecium on tomatoes during triple-wash using off-label concentrations of a combination of peroxyacetic acid and hydrogen peroxide |
| title_fullStr | Reduction of microbial populations and cross-contamination of Salmonella Typhimurium and the surrogate Enterococcus faecium on tomatoes during triple-wash using off-label concentrations of a combination of peroxyacetic acid and hydrogen peroxide |
| title_full_unstemmed | Reduction of microbial populations and cross-contamination of Salmonella Typhimurium and the surrogate Enterococcus faecium on tomatoes during triple-wash using off-label concentrations of a combination of peroxyacetic acid and hydrogen peroxide |
| title_short | Reduction of microbial populations and cross-contamination of Salmonella Typhimurium and the surrogate Enterococcus faecium on tomatoes during triple-wash using off-label concentrations of a combination of peroxyacetic acid and hydrogen peroxide |
| title_sort | reduction of microbial populations and cross contamination of salmonella typhimurium and the surrogate enterococcus faecium on tomatoes during triple wash using off label concentrations of a combination of peroxyacetic acid and hydrogen peroxide |
| topic | Triple-wash Salmonella Enterococcus faecium Tomatoes Peroxyacetic acid Hydrogen peroxide |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666154323000492 |
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