Cystic echinococcosis in cattle and sheep caused by Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto genotypes G1 and G3 in the USA
Abstract Background Endemic domestic dog-ruminant cycles and human cystic echinococcosis caused by Echinococcus granulosus have been sporadically reported in the United States. However, there is a paucity of molecular data describing the genotypes and haplotypes of this important cestode in domestic...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Parasites & Vectors |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-024-06192-x |
| _version_ | 1797259504538091520 |
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| author | Jeba R. J. Jesudoss Chelladurai Theresa A. Quintana William L. Johnson Carrie Schmidt Daniel Righter Erin Howey |
| author_facet | Jeba R. J. Jesudoss Chelladurai Theresa A. Quintana William L. Johnson Carrie Schmidt Daniel Righter Erin Howey |
| author_sort | Jeba R. J. Jesudoss Chelladurai |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Endemic domestic dog-ruminant cycles and human cystic echinococcosis caused by Echinococcus granulosus have been sporadically reported in the United States. However, there is a paucity of molecular data describing the genotypes and haplotypes of this important cestode in domestic ruminant hosts. Methods Ninety-four cysts from the lungs and/or livers of slaughtered beef cattle (76 samples), dairy cows (five samples) and sheep (13 samples) were collected from abattoirs in four states of the USA. Samples were genotyped at two mitochondrial loci, cox1 and nad5. Sequences were used to determine species, genotypes and haplotypes using median joining networks and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses. Cyst fertility was assessed in hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections. Additionally, previously reported autochthonous E. granulosus infections in the USA in various hosts were mapped. Results Based on cox1 sequences obtained from 94 cysts, 89 (94.7%) were identified as E. granulosus G1/G3, while five (5.3%) were Taenia hydatigena. Taenia hydatigena were only isolated from sheep. Based on nad5 sequences obtained from 89 hydatid cysts, 96.6% and 3.4% belonged to E. granulosus sensu stricto genotypes G1 and G3 respectively. Two haplotypes were found among E. granulosus cox1 sequences, neither of which was geographically unique. Six haplotypes were found among nad5 sequences in genotype G1, of which five were novel, while one haplotype was found in genotype G3. In the concatenated cox1-nad5 dataset, seven haplotypes were identified, of which six were geographically unique. All cysts from cattle were non-fertile. Four cysts from sheep were fertile. Conclusions All genotyped samples belonged to E. granulosus s.s. This is the first study to our knowledge to confirm the presence of genotypes G1 and G3 in domestic cattle and sheep intermediate hosts in the USA and provide data for future diagnostic and epidemiological studies. Sequences have been deposited in GenBank (cox1 sequences: OR398494-OR398496, nad5 sequences: OR400695-OR400702). Graphical Abstract |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T23:10:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-69909d3bec0e42bbb2970201196cd96b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1756-3305 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T23:10:29Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
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| series | Parasites & Vectors |
| spelling | doaj.art-69909d3bec0e42bbb2970201196cd96b2024-03-17T12:17:06ZengBMCParasites & Vectors1756-33052024-03-0117111310.1186/s13071-024-06192-xCystic echinococcosis in cattle and sheep caused by Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto genotypes G1 and G3 in the USAJeba R. J. Jesudoss Chelladurai0Theresa A. Quintana1William L. Johnson2Carrie Schmidt3Daniel Righter4Erin Howey5Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State UniversityDepartment of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State UniversityDepartment of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State UniversityPathology Branch, Eastern Laboratory, Office of Public Health Science, Food Safety and Inspection Service, United State Department of AgriculturePathology Branch, Eastern Laboratory, Office of Public Health Science, Food Safety and Inspection Service, United State Department of AgriculturePathology Branch, Eastern Laboratory, Office of Public Health Science, Food Safety and Inspection Service, United State Department of AgricultureAbstract Background Endemic domestic dog-ruminant cycles and human cystic echinococcosis caused by Echinococcus granulosus have been sporadically reported in the United States. However, there is a paucity of molecular data describing the genotypes and haplotypes of this important cestode in domestic ruminant hosts. Methods Ninety-four cysts from the lungs and/or livers of slaughtered beef cattle (76 samples), dairy cows (five samples) and sheep (13 samples) were collected from abattoirs in four states of the USA. Samples were genotyped at two mitochondrial loci, cox1 and nad5. Sequences were used to determine species, genotypes and haplotypes using median joining networks and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses. Cyst fertility was assessed in hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections. Additionally, previously reported autochthonous E. granulosus infections in the USA in various hosts were mapped. Results Based on cox1 sequences obtained from 94 cysts, 89 (94.7%) were identified as E. granulosus G1/G3, while five (5.3%) were Taenia hydatigena. Taenia hydatigena were only isolated from sheep. Based on nad5 sequences obtained from 89 hydatid cysts, 96.6% and 3.4% belonged to E. granulosus sensu stricto genotypes G1 and G3 respectively. Two haplotypes were found among E. granulosus cox1 sequences, neither of which was geographically unique. Six haplotypes were found among nad5 sequences in genotype G1, of which five were novel, while one haplotype was found in genotype G3. In the concatenated cox1-nad5 dataset, seven haplotypes were identified, of which six were geographically unique. All cysts from cattle were non-fertile. Four cysts from sheep were fertile. Conclusions All genotyped samples belonged to E. granulosus s.s. This is the first study to our knowledge to confirm the presence of genotypes G1 and G3 in domestic cattle and sheep intermediate hosts in the USA and provide data for future diagnostic and epidemiological studies. Sequences have been deposited in GenBank (cox1 sequences: OR398494-OR398496, nad5 sequences: OR400695-OR400702). Graphical Abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-024-06192-xEchinococcus granulosusRuminantsUSAHaplotypeGenotypeHydatid cyst |
| spellingShingle | Jeba R. J. Jesudoss Chelladurai Theresa A. Quintana William L. Johnson Carrie Schmidt Daniel Righter Erin Howey Cystic echinococcosis in cattle and sheep caused by Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto genotypes G1 and G3 in the USA Parasites & Vectors Echinococcus granulosus Ruminants USA Haplotype Genotype Hydatid cyst |
| title | Cystic echinococcosis in cattle and sheep caused by Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto genotypes G1 and G3 in the USA |
| title_full | Cystic echinococcosis in cattle and sheep caused by Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto genotypes G1 and G3 in the USA |
| title_fullStr | Cystic echinococcosis in cattle and sheep caused by Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto genotypes G1 and G3 in the USA |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cystic echinococcosis in cattle and sheep caused by Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto genotypes G1 and G3 in the USA |
| title_short | Cystic echinococcosis in cattle and sheep caused by Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto genotypes G1 and G3 in the USA |
| title_sort | cystic echinococcosis in cattle and sheep caused by echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto genotypes g1 and g3 in the usa |
| topic | Echinococcus granulosus Ruminants USA Haplotype Genotype Hydatid cyst |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-024-06192-x |
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