Screening of Contaminants of Emerging Concern in Microalgae Food Supplements
The frenetic lifestyle in the developed countries has driven us to be deficient in some nutrients, which may be overcome by supplements. Microalgae, like spirulina (<i>Arthrospira platensis</i>) and chlorella (<i>Chlorella</i> ssp.) are widely used as supplements due to their...
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MDPI AG
2020-05-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/7/2/28 |
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| author | Isabel Martín-Girela Beatriz Albero Brijesh K. Tiwari Esther Miguel Ramón Aznar |
| author_facet | Isabel Martín-Girela Beatriz Albero Brijesh K. Tiwari Esther Miguel Ramón Aznar |
| author_sort | Isabel Martín-Girela |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The frenetic lifestyle in the developed countries has driven us to be deficient in some nutrients, which may be overcome by supplements. Microalgae, like spirulina (<i>Arthrospira platensis</i>) and chlorella (<i>Chlorella</i> ssp.) are widely used as supplements due to their high contents of macro- and micronutrients. Chlorella and spirulina can be grown naturally in a range of water bodies, showing their high adaptability to harsh environments. They are mainly produced in countries with poor water quality and sometimes inexistent water legislation, which can be a vector of micropollutant introduction into the food chain. Thus, a method for the simultaneous determination of 31 emerging contaminants commonly found as micropollutants in freshwater (pharmaceutical and personal care products, hormones, flame retardants and biocides) in two microalgae is presented. Target contaminants were extracted from the microalgae employing ultrasound-assisted matrix solid-phase dispersion followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. The method was validated for chlorella and spirulina with recoveries ranging from 70% to 111% at concentrations of 25 and 100 ng·g<sup>−1</sup>, and good linearity in the range from 5 to 400 ng·g<sup>−1</sup> with limits of detection below 2.5 ng·g<sup>−1</sup>, in both microalgae. The method validated was applied to a range of microalgae supplement foods and the results proved that the compounds studied were below limits of detection. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:42:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-69951eca85cc4608a83f2a1c1b8042a5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2297-8739 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:42:48Z |
| publishDate | 2020-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Separations |
| spelling | doaj.art-69951eca85cc4608a83f2a1c1b8042a52023-11-20T01:03:41ZengMDPI AGSeparations2297-87392020-05-01722810.3390/separations7020028Screening of Contaminants of Emerging Concern in Microalgae Food SupplementsIsabel Martín-Girela0Beatriz Albero1Brijesh K. Tiwari2Esther Miguel3Ramón Aznar4Agro-Energy Group, Department of Producción Agraria, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro 2, 28040 Madrid, SpainDepartamento de Medio Ambiente y Agronomía, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Ctra. de la Coruña, Km. 7, 28040 Madrid, SpainTeagasc Food Research Centre, Food Chemistry and Technology, Ashtown, 15 Dublin, IrelandDepartamento de Medio Ambiente y Agronomía, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Ctra. de la Coruña, Km. 7, 28040 Madrid, SpainTeagasc Food Research Centre, Food Chemistry and Technology, Ashtown, 15 Dublin, IrelandThe frenetic lifestyle in the developed countries has driven us to be deficient in some nutrients, which may be overcome by supplements. Microalgae, like spirulina (<i>Arthrospira platensis</i>) and chlorella (<i>Chlorella</i> ssp.) are widely used as supplements due to their high contents of macro- and micronutrients. Chlorella and spirulina can be grown naturally in a range of water bodies, showing their high adaptability to harsh environments. They are mainly produced in countries with poor water quality and sometimes inexistent water legislation, which can be a vector of micropollutant introduction into the food chain. Thus, a method for the simultaneous determination of 31 emerging contaminants commonly found as micropollutants in freshwater (pharmaceutical and personal care products, hormones, flame retardants and biocides) in two microalgae is presented. Target contaminants were extracted from the microalgae employing ultrasound-assisted matrix solid-phase dispersion followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. The method was validated for chlorella and spirulina with recoveries ranging from 70% to 111% at concentrations of 25 and 100 ng·g<sup>−1</sup>, and good linearity in the range from 5 to 400 ng·g<sup>−1</sup> with limits of detection below 2.5 ng·g<sup>−1</sup>, in both microalgae. The method validated was applied to a range of microalgae supplement foods and the results proved that the compounds studied were below limits of detection.https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/7/2/28<i>Arthrospira platensis</i><i>Chlorella</i> ssp.GC-MSMSPDSLEpharmaceutical |
| spellingShingle | Isabel Martín-Girela Beatriz Albero Brijesh K. Tiwari Esther Miguel Ramón Aznar Screening of Contaminants of Emerging Concern in Microalgae Food Supplements Separations <i>Arthrospira platensis</i> <i>Chlorella</i> ssp. GC-MS MSPD SLE pharmaceutical |
| title | Screening of Contaminants of Emerging Concern in Microalgae Food Supplements |
| title_full | Screening of Contaminants of Emerging Concern in Microalgae Food Supplements |
| title_fullStr | Screening of Contaminants of Emerging Concern in Microalgae Food Supplements |
| title_full_unstemmed | Screening of Contaminants of Emerging Concern in Microalgae Food Supplements |
| title_short | Screening of Contaminants of Emerging Concern in Microalgae Food Supplements |
| title_sort | screening of contaminants of emerging concern in microalgae food supplements |
| topic | <i>Arthrospira platensis</i> <i>Chlorella</i> ssp. GC-MS MSPD SLE pharmaceutical |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/7/2/28 |
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