Ionic liquid-plasticised composites of chitosan and hybrid 1D and 2D nanofillers
Abstract The focus of this research was to study the effect of combining nanofillers with different geometry and surface chemistry on the structure and properties of biopolymers as an alternative to traditional plastics. How the inclusion of 2D graphene oxide (GO) or reduced GO (rGO) combined with 1...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SpringerOpen
2021-09-01
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| Series: | Functional Composite Materials |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s42252-021-00026-0 |
| _version_ | 1818652437887582208 |
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| author | Pei Chen Fengwei Xie Fengzai Tang Tony McNally |
| author_facet | Pei Chen Fengwei Xie Fengzai Tang Tony McNally |
| author_sort | Pei Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The focus of this research was to study the effect of combining nanofillers with different geometry and surface chemistry on the structure and properties of biopolymers as an alternative to traditional plastics. How the inclusion of 2D graphene oxide (GO) or reduced GO (rGO) combined with 1D sepiolite (SPT) or cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) affect the structure and properties of chitosan and chitosan/carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) materials was investigated. A 3D interconnected microstructure formed, composed of GO and SPT due to the strong interactions between these hydrophilic nanofillers. The chitosan/CMC/GO/SPT composite had the highest tensile strength (77.5 ± 1.2 MPa) and Young’s modulus (1925.9 ± 120.7 MPa). For the un-plasticised matrices, hydrophobic rGO nanosheets generally hindered the interaction of SPT or CNCs with the polysaccharides (chitosan and CMC) and consequently, composite properties were mainly determined by the rGO. However, for the chitosan matrix plasticised by 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([C2mim][OAc]), rGO + CNCs or rGO + SPT disrupted polymer chain interactions more effectively than the nanofillers when added alone and resulted in the chitosan being more plasticised, as shown by increased chain mobility, ductility, and surface hydrophilicity. For the [C2mim][OAc]-plasticised chitosan/CMC matrix, the advantages of including hybrid fillers, rGO + CNCs or rGO + SPT, were also obtained, resulting in higher thermal stability and surface hydrophobicity. Graphical Abstract |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T02:22:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-69a33c9c166f4cfbbab9222c456b451e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2522-5774 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T02:22:00Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Functional Composite Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-69a33c9c166f4cfbbab9222c456b451e2022-12-21T22:07:14ZengSpringerOpenFunctional Composite Materials2522-57742021-09-012111710.1186/s42252-021-00026-0Ionic liquid-plasticised composites of chitosan and hybrid 1D and 2D nanofillersPei Chen0Fengwei Xie1Fengzai Tang2Tony McNally3College of Food Science, South China Agricultural UniversityInternational Institute for Nanocomposites Manufacturing (IINM), WMG, University of WarwickWMG, University of WarwickInternational Institute for Nanocomposites Manufacturing (IINM), WMG, University of WarwickAbstract The focus of this research was to study the effect of combining nanofillers with different geometry and surface chemistry on the structure and properties of biopolymers as an alternative to traditional plastics. How the inclusion of 2D graphene oxide (GO) or reduced GO (rGO) combined with 1D sepiolite (SPT) or cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) affect the structure and properties of chitosan and chitosan/carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) materials was investigated. A 3D interconnected microstructure formed, composed of GO and SPT due to the strong interactions between these hydrophilic nanofillers. The chitosan/CMC/GO/SPT composite had the highest tensile strength (77.5 ± 1.2 MPa) and Young’s modulus (1925.9 ± 120.7 MPa). For the un-plasticised matrices, hydrophobic rGO nanosheets generally hindered the interaction of SPT or CNCs with the polysaccharides (chitosan and CMC) and consequently, composite properties were mainly determined by the rGO. However, for the chitosan matrix plasticised by 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([C2mim][OAc]), rGO + CNCs or rGO + SPT disrupted polymer chain interactions more effectively than the nanofillers when added alone and resulted in the chitosan being more plasticised, as shown by increased chain mobility, ductility, and surface hydrophilicity. For the [C2mim][OAc]-plasticised chitosan/CMC matrix, the advantages of including hybrid fillers, rGO + CNCs or rGO + SPT, were also obtained, resulting in higher thermal stability and surface hydrophobicity. Graphical Abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1186/s42252-021-00026-0Biopolymer nanocompositesPolysaccharide plasticisationGraphene oxideSepioliteCellulose nanocrystalsIonic liquid |
| spellingShingle | Pei Chen Fengwei Xie Fengzai Tang Tony McNally Ionic liquid-plasticised composites of chitosan and hybrid 1D and 2D nanofillers Functional Composite Materials Biopolymer nanocomposites Polysaccharide plasticisation Graphene oxide Sepiolite Cellulose nanocrystals Ionic liquid |
| title | Ionic liquid-plasticised composites of chitosan and hybrid 1D and 2D nanofillers |
| title_full | Ionic liquid-plasticised composites of chitosan and hybrid 1D and 2D nanofillers |
| title_fullStr | Ionic liquid-plasticised composites of chitosan and hybrid 1D and 2D nanofillers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ionic liquid-plasticised composites of chitosan and hybrid 1D and 2D nanofillers |
| title_short | Ionic liquid-plasticised composites of chitosan and hybrid 1D and 2D nanofillers |
| title_sort | ionic liquid plasticised composites of chitosan and hybrid 1d and 2d nanofillers |
| topic | Biopolymer nanocomposites Polysaccharide plasticisation Graphene oxide Sepiolite Cellulose nanocrystals Ionic liquid |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s42252-021-00026-0 |
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