Investigation of the Feasibility of Ventricular Delivery of Resveratrol to the Microelectrode Tissue Interface
(1) Background: Intracortical microelectrodes (IMEs) are essential to basic brain research and clinical brain–machine interfacing applications. However, the foreign body response to IMEs results in chronic inflammation and an increase in levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS). The...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Micromachines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/12/12/1446 |
| _version_ | 1797502448363896832 |
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| author | Youjoung Kim Evon S. Ereifej William E. Schwartzman Seth M. Meade Keying Chen Jacob Rayyan He Feng Varoon Aluri Natalie N. Mueller Raman Bhambra Sahaj Bhambra Dawn M. Taylor Jeffrey R. Capadona |
| author_facet | Youjoung Kim Evon S. Ereifej William E. Schwartzman Seth M. Meade Keying Chen Jacob Rayyan He Feng Varoon Aluri Natalie N. Mueller Raman Bhambra Sahaj Bhambra Dawn M. Taylor Jeffrey R. Capadona |
| author_sort | Youjoung Kim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | (1) Background: Intracortical microelectrodes (IMEs) are essential to basic brain research and clinical brain–machine interfacing applications. However, the foreign body response to IMEs results in chronic inflammation and an increase in levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS). The current study builds on our previous work, by testing a new delivery method of a promising antioxidant as a means of extending intracortical microelectrodes performance. While resveratrol has shown efficacy in improving tissue response, chronic delivery has proven difficult because of its low solubility in water and low bioavailability due to extensive first pass metabolism. (2) Methods: Investigation of an intraventricular delivery of resveratrol in rats was performed herein to circumvent bioavailability hurdles of resveratrol delivery to the brain. (3) Results: Intraventricular delivery of resveratrol in rats delivered resveratrol to the electrode interface. However, intraventricular delivery did not have a significant impact on electrophysiological recordings over the six-week study. Histological findings indicated that rats receiving intraventricular delivery of resveratrol had a decrease of oxidative stress, yet other biomarkers of inflammation were found to be not significantly different from control groups. However, investigation of the bioavailability of resveratrol indicated a decrease in resveratrol accumulation in the brain with time coupled with inconsistent drug elution from the cannulas. Further inspection showed that there may be tissue or cellular debris clogging the cannulas, resulting in variable elution, which may have impacted the results of the study. (4) Conclusions: These results indicate that the intraventricular delivery approach described herein needs further optimization, or may not be well suited for this application. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:33:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-69a459cc4f52420485c516835861cb1c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-666X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:33:14Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Micromachines |
| spelling | doaj.art-69a459cc4f52420485c516835861cb1c2023-11-23T09:35:27ZengMDPI AGMicromachines2072-666X2021-11-011212144610.3390/mi12121446Investigation of the Feasibility of Ventricular Delivery of Resveratrol to the Microelectrode Tissue InterfaceYoujoung Kim0Evon S. Ereifej1William E. Schwartzman2Seth M. Meade3Keying Chen4Jacob Rayyan5He Feng6Varoon Aluri7Natalie N. Mueller8Raman Bhambra9Sahaj Bhambra10Dawn M. Taylor11Jeffrey R. Capadona12Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USADepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USADepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USADepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USADepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USADepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USADepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USADepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USADepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USADepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USADepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USADepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USADepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA(1) Background: Intracortical microelectrodes (IMEs) are essential to basic brain research and clinical brain–machine interfacing applications. However, the foreign body response to IMEs results in chronic inflammation and an increase in levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS). The current study builds on our previous work, by testing a new delivery method of a promising antioxidant as a means of extending intracortical microelectrodes performance. While resveratrol has shown efficacy in improving tissue response, chronic delivery has proven difficult because of its low solubility in water and low bioavailability due to extensive first pass metabolism. (2) Methods: Investigation of an intraventricular delivery of resveratrol in rats was performed herein to circumvent bioavailability hurdles of resveratrol delivery to the brain. (3) Results: Intraventricular delivery of resveratrol in rats delivered resveratrol to the electrode interface. However, intraventricular delivery did not have a significant impact on electrophysiological recordings over the six-week study. Histological findings indicated that rats receiving intraventricular delivery of resveratrol had a decrease of oxidative stress, yet other biomarkers of inflammation were found to be not significantly different from control groups. However, investigation of the bioavailability of resveratrol indicated a decrease in resveratrol accumulation in the brain with time coupled with inconsistent drug elution from the cannulas. Further inspection showed that there may be tissue or cellular debris clogging the cannulas, resulting in variable elution, which may have impacted the results of the study. (4) Conclusions: These results indicate that the intraventricular delivery approach described herein needs further optimization, or may not be well suited for this application.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/12/12/1446intracortical microelectrodeantioxidantventricular drug deliveryneuralneural recordingforeign body response |
| spellingShingle | Youjoung Kim Evon S. Ereifej William E. Schwartzman Seth M. Meade Keying Chen Jacob Rayyan He Feng Varoon Aluri Natalie N. Mueller Raman Bhambra Sahaj Bhambra Dawn M. Taylor Jeffrey R. Capadona Investigation of the Feasibility of Ventricular Delivery of Resveratrol to the Microelectrode Tissue Interface Micromachines intracortical microelectrode antioxidant ventricular drug delivery neural neural recording foreign body response |
| title | Investigation of the Feasibility of Ventricular Delivery of Resveratrol to the Microelectrode Tissue Interface |
| title_full | Investigation of the Feasibility of Ventricular Delivery of Resveratrol to the Microelectrode Tissue Interface |
| title_fullStr | Investigation of the Feasibility of Ventricular Delivery of Resveratrol to the Microelectrode Tissue Interface |
| title_full_unstemmed | Investigation of the Feasibility of Ventricular Delivery of Resveratrol to the Microelectrode Tissue Interface |
| title_short | Investigation of the Feasibility of Ventricular Delivery of Resveratrol to the Microelectrode Tissue Interface |
| title_sort | investigation of the feasibility of ventricular delivery of resveratrol to the microelectrode tissue interface |
| topic | intracortical microelectrode antioxidant ventricular drug delivery neural neural recording foreign body response |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/12/12/1446 |
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