Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition-Related Markers in Prostate Cancer: From Bench to Bedside
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most frequent type of cancer in men worldwide, with 288,300 new cases and 34,700 deaths estimated in the United States in 2023. Treatment options for early-stage disease include external beam radiation therapy, brachytherapy, radical prostatectomy, active surveill...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Cancers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/15/8/2309 |
| _version_ | 1797606065238441984 |
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| author | Samantha Gogola Michael Rejzer Hisham F. Bahmad Wassim Abou-Kheir Yumna Omarzai Robert Poppiti |
| author_facet | Samantha Gogola Michael Rejzer Hisham F. Bahmad Wassim Abou-Kheir Yumna Omarzai Robert Poppiti |
| author_sort | Samantha Gogola |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most frequent type of cancer in men worldwide, with 288,300 new cases and 34,700 deaths estimated in the United States in 2023. Treatment options for early-stage disease include external beam radiation therapy, brachytherapy, radical prostatectomy, active surveillance, or a combination of these. In advanced cases, androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) is considered the first-line therapy; however, PCa in most patients eventually progresses to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) despite ADT. Nonetheless, the transition from androgen-dependent to androgen-independent tumors is not yet fully understood. The physiological processes of epithelial-to-non-epithelial (“mesenchymal”) transition (EMT) and mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) are essential for normal embryonic development; however, they have also been linked to higher tumor grade, metastatic progression, and treatment resistance. Due to this association, EMT and MET have been identified as important targets for novel cancer therapies, including CRPC. Here, we discuss the transcriptional factors and signaling pathways involved in EMT, in addition to the diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers that have been identified in these processes. We also tackle the various studies that have been conducted from bench to bedside and the current landscape of EMT-targeted therapies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:10:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-69a7cb1ef1fa4d7facab0973541996ad |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6694 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:10:05Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cancers |
| spelling | doaj.art-69a7cb1ef1fa4d7facab0973541996ad2023-11-17T18:39:11ZengMDPI AGCancers2072-66942023-04-01158230910.3390/cancers15082309Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition-Related Markers in Prostate Cancer: From Bench to BedsideSamantha Gogola0Michael Rejzer1Hisham F. Bahmad2Wassim Abou-Kheir3Yumna Omarzai4Robert Poppiti5Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USAHerbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USAThe Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USADepartment of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107, LebanonThe Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USAThe Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USAProstate cancer (PCa) is the second most frequent type of cancer in men worldwide, with 288,300 new cases and 34,700 deaths estimated in the United States in 2023. Treatment options for early-stage disease include external beam radiation therapy, brachytherapy, radical prostatectomy, active surveillance, or a combination of these. In advanced cases, androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) is considered the first-line therapy; however, PCa in most patients eventually progresses to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) despite ADT. Nonetheless, the transition from androgen-dependent to androgen-independent tumors is not yet fully understood. The physiological processes of epithelial-to-non-epithelial (“mesenchymal”) transition (EMT) and mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) are essential for normal embryonic development; however, they have also been linked to higher tumor grade, metastatic progression, and treatment resistance. Due to this association, EMT and MET have been identified as important targets for novel cancer therapies, including CRPC. Here, we discuss the transcriptional factors and signaling pathways involved in EMT, in addition to the diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers that have been identified in these processes. We also tackle the various studies that have been conducted from bench to bedside and the current landscape of EMT-targeted therapies.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/15/8/2309prostate cancerepithelial-to-mesenchymal transitionmesenchymal-to-epithelial transitionEMTMETbiomarkers |
| spellingShingle | Samantha Gogola Michael Rejzer Hisham F. Bahmad Wassim Abou-Kheir Yumna Omarzai Robert Poppiti Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition-Related Markers in Prostate Cancer: From Bench to Bedside Cancers prostate cancer epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition EMT MET biomarkers |
| title | Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition-Related Markers in Prostate Cancer: From Bench to Bedside |
| title_full | Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition-Related Markers in Prostate Cancer: From Bench to Bedside |
| title_fullStr | Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition-Related Markers in Prostate Cancer: From Bench to Bedside |
| title_full_unstemmed | Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition-Related Markers in Prostate Cancer: From Bench to Bedside |
| title_short | Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition-Related Markers in Prostate Cancer: From Bench to Bedside |
| title_sort | epithelial to mesenchymal transition related markers in prostate cancer from bench to bedside |
| topic | prostate cancer epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition EMT MET biomarkers |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/15/8/2309 |
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