Epigenetic Regulation of Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Gene Expression
Viral and cellular gene expression are regulated by epigenetic alterations, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, nucleosome positioning, and chromatin looping. Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a pathogenic retrovirus associated with inflammatory disorders and T-cell lympho...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/1/84 |
| _version_ | 1797491757612531712 |
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| author | Lee Ratner |
| author_facet | Lee Ratner |
| author_sort | Lee Ratner |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Viral and cellular gene expression are regulated by epigenetic alterations, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, nucleosome positioning, and chromatin looping. Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a pathogenic retrovirus associated with inflammatory disorders and T-cell lymphoproliferative malignancy. The transforming activity of HTLV-1 is driven by the viral oncoprotein Tax, which acts as a transcriptional activator of the cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) pathways. The epigenetic effects of Tax and the induction of lymphoproliferative malignancy include alterations in DNA methylation and histone modifications. In addition, alterations in nucleosome positioning and DNA looping also occur in HTLV-1-induced malignant cells. A mechanistic definition of these effects will pave the way to new therapies for HTLV-1-associated disorders. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:53:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-69ae9f590a1a4f4190dd917e6e6c7ed9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:53:49Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-69ae9f590a1a4f4190dd917e6e6c7ed92023-11-23T14:47:03ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072021-12-011018410.3390/microorganisms10010084Epigenetic Regulation of Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Gene ExpressionLee Ratner0Department of Medicine, Division of Molecular Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8069, 660 S Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110, USAViral and cellular gene expression are regulated by epigenetic alterations, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, nucleosome positioning, and chromatin looping. Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a pathogenic retrovirus associated with inflammatory disorders and T-cell lymphoproliferative malignancy. The transforming activity of HTLV-1 is driven by the viral oncoprotein Tax, which acts as a transcriptional activator of the cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) pathways. The epigenetic effects of Tax and the induction of lymphoproliferative malignancy include alterations in DNA methylation and histone modifications. In addition, alterations in nucleosome positioning and DNA looping also occur in HTLV-1-induced malignant cells. A mechanistic definition of these effects will pave the way to new therapies for HTLV-1-associated disorders.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/1/84HTLVATLLCpG methylationhistone methylationCTCFboundary element |
| spellingShingle | Lee Ratner Epigenetic Regulation of Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Gene Expression Microorganisms HTLV ATLL CpG methylation histone methylation CTCF boundary element |
| title | Epigenetic Regulation of Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Gene Expression |
| title_full | Epigenetic Regulation of Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Gene Expression |
| title_fullStr | Epigenetic Regulation of Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Gene Expression |
| title_full_unstemmed | Epigenetic Regulation of Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Gene Expression |
| title_short | Epigenetic Regulation of Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Gene Expression |
| title_sort | epigenetic regulation of human t cell leukemia virus gene expression |
| topic | HTLV ATLL CpG methylation histone methylation CTCF boundary element |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/1/84 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT leeratner epigeneticregulationofhumantcellleukemiavirusgeneexpression |