| Summary: | The aim of this research is to profile the chemical composition of the essential oil (EO) extracted from the aerial parts of <i>Origanum elongatum</i> (<i>O. elongatum</i>) and to evaluate its antioxidant, antibacterial and insecticidal activities on <i>Ceratitis capitata</i> adults. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) revealed a total of 27 constituents in EO of <i>O. elongatum</i>, which accounted for 99.08% of its constituents. Carvacrol (57.32%) was a main component, followed by <i>p</i>-cymene (14.70%) and <i>γ</i>-terpinene (9.84%). The antioxidant activity of <i>O. elongatum</i> EO was investigated using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), FRAP (Ferric reducing antioxidant power), and TCA (the total antioxidant capacity) methods. This EO exhibited a remarkable antiradical and reducing power against DPPH (IC<sub>50</sub> = 2.855 ± 0.018μL/mL), FRAP (EC<sub>0.5</sub> = 0.124 ± 0.013µL/mL) and TCA (IC<sub>50</sub> = 14.099 ± 0.389 mg AAE/g of the EO). The antibacterial tests in vitro, using the disc and dilution methods, were carried out on nine pathogenic bacteria isolated from the hospital patients, such as <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>, <i>Serratia fonticola</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus, Acinétobacter baumannii, Klebsiella oxytoca</i>, <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae sensible</i>, <i>E.coli sensible</i>, <i>E.coli resistante</i>, and <i>Enterobacter aerogenes</i>. The EO demonstrated a considerable antibacterial activity with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) from 2 to 8 µL/mL against all strains except <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MIC = 32 µL/mL). Regarding the insecticidal activity, the fumigation test indicated a high efficacy (100% mortality), and a lethal dose of LD<sub>50</sub> = 17 ± 0.53 μL/L air was found after 24 h of exposureTherefore, <i>O. elongatum</i> EO could be utilized as a natural antioxidant, antibiotic and biopesticides.
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