The phenotype of type 1 diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa
The phenotype of type 1 diabetes in Africa, especially sub-Saharan Africa, is poorly understood. Most previously conducted studies have suggested that type 1 diabetes may have a different phenotype from the classical form of the disease described in western literature. Making an accurate diagnosis o...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Public Health |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1014626/full |
| _version_ | 1811176762807156736 |
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| author | Jean Claude Katte Jean Claude Katte Timothy J. McDonald Timothy J. McDonald Eugene Sobngwi Eugene Sobngwi Angus G. Jones Angus G. Jones |
| author_facet | Jean Claude Katte Jean Claude Katte Timothy J. McDonald Timothy J. McDonald Eugene Sobngwi Eugene Sobngwi Angus G. Jones Angus G. Jones |
| author_sort | Jean Claude Katte |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The phenotype of type 1 diabetes in Africa, especially sub-Saharan Africa, is poorly understood. Most previously conducted studies have suggested that type 1 diabetes may have a different phenotype from the classical form of the disease described in western literature. Making an accurate diagnosis of type 1 diabetes in Africa is challenging, given the predominance of atypical diabetes forms and limited resources. The peak age of onset of type 1 diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa seems to occur after 18–20 years. Multiple studies have reported lower rates of islet autoantibodies ranging from 20 to 60% amongst people with type 1 diabetes in African populations, lower than that reported in other populations. Some studies have reported much higher levels of retained endogenous insulin secretion than in type 1 diabetes elsewhere, with lower rates of type 1 diabetes genetic susceptibility and HLA haplotypes. The HLA DR3 appears to be the most predominant HLA haplotype amongst people with type 1 diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa than the HLA DR4 haplotype. Some type 1 diabetes studies in sub-Saharan Africa have been limited by small sample sizes and diverse methods employed. Robust studies close to diabetes onset are sparse. Large prospective studies with well-standardized methodologies in people at or close to diabetes diagnosis in different population groups will be paramount to provide further insight into the phenotype of type 1 diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T19:57:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-69c0e36ff21e42ad9722794425b0d5ec |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-2565 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T19:57:10Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Public Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-69c0e36ff21e42ad9722794425b0d5ec2023-01-27T14:45:30ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Public Health2296-25652023-01-011110.3389/fpubh.2023.10146261014626The phenotype of type 1 diabetes in sub-Saharan AfricaJean Claude Katte0Jean Claude Katte1Timothy J. McDonald2Timothy J. McDonald3Eugene Sobngwi4Eugene Sobngwi5Angus G. Jones6Angus G. Jones7Institute of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United KingdomNational Obesity Centre and Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases Unit, Yaounde Central Hospital, Yaoundé, CameroonInstitute of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United KingdomAcademic Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United KingdomNational Obesity Centre and Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases Unit, Yaounde Central Hospital, Yaoundé, CameroonDepartment of Internal Medicine and Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, CameroonInstitute of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United KingdomMacleod Diabetes and Endocrine Centre, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United KingdomThe phenotype of type 1 diabetes in Africa, especially sub-Saharan Africa, is poorly understood. Most previously conducted studies have suggested that type 1 diabetes may have a different phenotype from the classical form of the disease described in western literature. Making an accurate diagnosis of type 1 diabetes in Africa is challenging, given the predominance of atypical diabetes forms and limited resources. The peak age of onset of type 1 diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa seems to occur after 18–20 years. Multiple studies have reported lower rates of islet autoantibodies ranging from 20 to 60% amongst people with type 1 diabetes in African populations, lower than that reported in other populations. Some studies have reported much higher levels of retained endogenous insulin secretion than in type 1 diabetes elsewhere, with lower rates of type 1 diabetes genetic susceptibility and HLA haplotypes. The HLA DR3 appears to be the most predominant HLA haplotype amongst people with type 1 diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa than the HLA DR4 haplotype. Some type 1 diabetes studies in sub-Saharan Africa have been limited by small sample sizes and diverse methods employed. Robust studies close to diabetes onset are sparse. Large prospective studies with well-standardized methodologies in people at or close to diabetes diagnosis in different population groups will be paramount to provide further insight into the phenotype of type 1 diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1014626/fullphenotype [MeSH]characteristicstype 1 diabetesislet autoimmunitybeta-cellC-peptide |
| spellingShingle | Jean Claude Katte Jean Claude Katte Timothy J. McDonald Timothy J. McDonald Eugene Sobngwi Eugene Sobngwi Angus G. Jones Angus G. Jones The phenotype of type 1 diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa Frontiers in Public Health phenotype [MeSH] characteristics type 1 diabetes islet autoimmunity beta-cell C-peptide |
| title | The phenotype of type 1 diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa |
| title_full | The phenotype of type 1 diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa |
| title_fullStr | The phenotype of type 1 diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa |
| title_full_unstemmed | The phenotype of type 1 diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa |
| title_short | The phenotype of type 1 diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa |
| title_sort | phenotype of type 1 diabetes in sub saharan africa |
| topic | phenotype [MeSH] characteristics type 1 diabetes islet autoimmunity beta-cell C-peptide |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1014626/full |
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