A Compact, Highly Sensitive pH Sensor Based on Polymer Waveguide Bragg Grating
Accurate probing, monitoring, and controlling the pH level is critical in different fields. In the last two decades, optical fiber/waveguide-based pH sensors have been widely investigated with the aim of further enhancement of sensitivity and miniaturization. Here, we propose a novel and...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
IEEE
2023-01-01
|
| Series: | IEEE Photonics Journal |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10066259/ |
| _version_ | 1797858218161995776 |
|---|---|
| author | Nabarun Saha Giuseppe Brunetti Mario Nicola Armenise Caterina Ciminelli |
| author_facet | Nabarun Saha Giuseppe Brunetti Mario Nicola Armenise Caterina Ciminelli |
| author_sort | Nabarun Saha |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Accurate probing, monitoring, and controlling the pH level is critical in different fields. In the last two decades, optical fiber/waveguide-based pH sensors have been widely investigated with the aim of further enhancement of sensitivity and miniaturization. Here, we propose a novel and cost-effective pH sensor based on polymer waveguide Bragg grating, addressing main aspects like sensitivity enhancement, miniaturization, narrow band response, and stable performance. The large evanescent field due to metal under cladding and high index coating combined with excellent penetration depth match with pH-sensitive polymer coating of poly-acrylic acid/poly-allylamine hydrochloride (PAA/PAH) in an aqueous medium, ensures a sensitivity of 10.4 nm/pH for a pH range of 4 to 7, two orders higher than all reported Bragg grating pH sensors to our knowledge. A narrow band (∼1 nm) response has been ensured by low propagation loss of the TE mode. Further, the variations in sensitivity and peak reflectivity are within 3% for a ±10% inaccuracy in various structural parameters, reflecting excellent fabrication tolerances. The proposed sensor is an important development, especially for the perishable food industry in which a high sensitivity in a pH range of 4 to 7 is highly desirable to accurately determine the freshness of foods. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T21:09:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-69c36ef30f374feeb912664fd15a58e5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1943-0655 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T21:09:44Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Photonics Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-69c36ef30f374feeb912664fd15a58e52023-03-28T23:00:02ZengIEEEIEEE Photonics Journal1943-06552023-01-011521710.1109/JPHOT.2023.324282010066259A Compact, Highly Sensitive pH Sensor Based on Polymer Waveguide Bragg GratingNabarun Saha0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0920-0765Giuseppe Brunetti1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6715-6777Mario Nicola Armenise2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0298-1351Caterina Ciminelli3https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8724-016XOptoelectronics Laboratory, Politecnico di Bari, Bari, ItalyOptoelectronics Laboratory, Politecnico di Bari, Bari, ItalyOptoelectronics Laboratory, Politecnico di Bari, Bari, ItalyOptoelectronics Laboratory, Politecnico di Bari, Bari, ItalyAccurate probing, monitoring, and controlling the pH level is critical in different fields. In the last two decades, optical fiber/waveguide-based pH sensors have been widely investigated with the aim of further enhancement of sensitivity and miniaturization. Here, we propose a novel and cost-effective pH sensor based on polymer waveguide Bragg grating, addressing main aspects like sensitivity enhancement, miniaturization, narrow band response, and stable performance. The large evanescent field due to metal under cladding and high index coating combined with excellent penetration depth match with pH-sensitive polymer coating of poly-acrylic acid/poly-allylamine hydrochloride (PAA/PAH) in an aqueous medium, ensures a sensitivity of 10.4 nm/pH for a pH range of 4 to 7, two orders higher than all reported Bragg grating pH sensors to our knowledge. A narrow band (∼1 nm) response has been ensured by low propagation loss of the TE mode. Further, the variations in sensitivity and peak reflectivity are within 3% for a ±10% inaccuracy in various structural parameters, reflecting excellent fabrication tolerances. The proposed sensor is an important development, especially for the perishable food industry in which a high sensitivity in a pH range of 4 to 7 is highly desirable to accurately determine the freshness of foods.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10066259/Gratingsphotonic crystalsensorswaveguides |
| spellingShingle | Nabarun Saha Giuseppe Brunetti Mario Nicola Armenise Caterina Ciminelli A Compact, Highly Sensitive pH Sensor Based on Polymer Waveguide Bragg Grating IEEE Photonics Journal Gratings photonic crystal sensors waveguides |
| title | A Compact, Highly Sensitive pH Sensor Based on Polymer Waveguide Bragg Grating |
| title_full | A Compact, Highly Sensitive pH Sensor Based on Polymer Waveguide Bragg Grating |
| title_fullStr | A Compact, Highly Sensitive pH Sensor Based on Polymer Waveguide Bragg Grating |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Compact, Highly Sensitive pH Sensor Based on Polymer Waveguide Bragg Grating |
| title_short | A Compact, Highly Sensitive pH Sensor Based on Polymer Waveguide Bragg Grating |
| title_sort | compact highly sensitive ph sensor based on polymer waveguide bragg grating |
| topic | Gratings photonic crystal sensors waveguides |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10066259/ |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT nabarunsaha acompacthighlysensitivephsensorbasedonpolymerwaveguidebragggrating AT giuseppebrunetti acompacthighlysensitivephsensorbasedonpolymerwaveguidebragggrating AT marionicolaarmenise acompacthighlysensitivephsensorbasedonpolymerwaveguidebragggrating AT caterinaciminelli acompacthighlysensitivephsensorbasedonpolymerwaveguidebragggrating AT nabarunsaha compacthighlysensitivephsensorbasedonpolymerwaveguidebragggrating AT giuseppebrunetti compacthighlysensitivephsensorbasedonpolymerwaveguidebragggrating AT marionicolaarmenise compacthighlysensitivephsensorbasedonpolymerwaveguidebragggrating AT caterinaciminelli compacthighlysensitivephsensorbasedonpolymerwaveguidebragggrating |