The Other Obesity Epidemic—Of Drugs and Bugs
Chronic psychiatric patients with schizophrenia and related disorders are frequently treatment-resistant and may require higher doses of psychotropic drugs to remain stable. Prolonged exposure to these agents increases the risk of weight gain and cardiometabolic disorders, leading to poorer outcomes...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fendo.2020.00488/full |
| _version_ | 1818325163598413824 |
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| author | Adonis Sfera Adonis Sfera Carolina Osorio Eddie Lee Diaz Gerald Maguire Michael Cummings |
| author_facet | Adonis Sfera Adonis Sfera Carolina Osorio Eddie Lee Diaz Gerald Maguire Michael Cummings |
| author_sort | Adonis Sfera |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Chronic psychiatric patients with schizophrenia and related disorders are frequently treatment-resistant and may require higher doses of psychotropic drugs to remain stable. Prolonged exposure to these agents increases the risk of weight gain and cardiometabolic disorders, leading to poorer outcomes and higher medical cost. It is well-established that obesity has reached epidemic proportions throughout the world, however it is less known that its rates are two to three times higher in mentally ill patients compared to the general population. Psychotropic drugs have emerged as a major cause of weight gain, pointing to an urgent need for novel interventions to attenuate this unintended consequence. Recently, the gut microbial community has been linked to psychotropic drugs-induced obesity as these agents were found to possess antimicrobial properties and trigger intestinal dysbiosis, depleting Bacteroidetes phylum. Since germ-free animals exposed to psychotropics have not demonstrated weight gain, altered commensal flora composition is believed to be necessary and sufficient to induce dysmetabolism. Conversely, not only do psychotropics disrupt the composition of gut microbiota but the later alter the metabolism of the former. Here we review the role of gut bacterial community in psychotropic drugs metabolism and dysbiosis. We discuss potential biomarkers reflecting the status of Bacteroidetes phylum and take a closer look at nutritional interventions, fecal microbiota transplantation, and transcranial magnetic stimulation, strategies that may lower obesity rates in chronic psychiatric patients. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T11:40:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-69cd0b3205464b8781b41f641df48ec1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-2392 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T11:40:07Z |
| publishDate | 2020-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
| spelling | doaj.art-69cd0b3205464b8781b41f641df48ec12022-12-21T23:47:39ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Endocrinology1664-23922020-07-011110.3389/fendo.2020.00488526074The Other Obesity Epidemic—Of Drugs and BugsAdonis Sfera0Adonis Sfera1Carolina Osorio2Eddie Lee Diaz3Gerald Maguire4Michael Cummings5Psychiatry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United StatesDepartment of Psychiatry, Patton State Hospital, San Bernardino, CA, United StatesDepartment of Psychiatry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United StatesDepartment of Psychiatry, Patton State Hospital, San Bernardino, CA, United StatesDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United StatesDepartment of Psychiatry, Patton State Hospital, San Bernardino, CA, United StatesChronic psychiatric patients with schizophrenia and related disorders are frequently treatment-resistant and may require higher doses of psychotropic drugs to remain stable. Prolonged exposure to these agents increases the risk of weight gain and cardiometabolic disorders, leading to poorer outcomes and higher medical cost. It is well-established that obesity has reached epidemic proportions throughout the world, however it is less known that its rates are two to three times higher in mentally ill patients compared to the general population. Psychotropic drugs have emerged as a major cause of weight gain, pointing to an urgent need for novel interventions to attenuate this unintended consequence. Recently, the gut microbial community has been linked to psychotropic drugs-induced obesity as these agents were found to possess antimicrobial properties and trigger intestinal dysbiosis, depleting Bacteroidetes phylum. Since germ-free animals exposed to psychotropics have not demonstrated weight gain, altered commensal flora composition is believed to be necessary and sufficient to induce dysmetabolism. Conversely, not only do psychotropics disrupt the composition of gut microbiota but the later alter the metabolism of the former. Here we review the role of gut bacterial community in psychotropic drugs metabolism and dysbiosis. We discuss potential biomarkers reflecting the status of Bacteroidetes phylum and take a closer look at nutritional interventions, fecal microbiota transplantation, and transcranial magnetic stimulation, strategies that may lower obesity rates in chronic psychiatric patients.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fendo.2020.00488/fullobesitypsychotropic drugsBacteroidetes phylumxenobiotic sensorsantimicrobials |
| spellingShingle | Adonis Sfera Adonis Sfera Carolina Osorio Eddie Lee Diaz Gerald Maguire Michael Cummings The Other Obesity Epidemic—Of Drugs and Bugs Frontiers in Endocrinology obesity psychotropic drugs Bacteroidetes phylum xenobiotic sensors antimicrobials |
| title | The Other Obesity Epidemic—Of Drugs and Bugs |
| title_full | The Other Obesity Epidemic—Of Drugs and Bugs |
| title_fullStr | The Other Obesity Epidemic—Of Drugs and Bugs |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Other Obesity Epidemic—Of Drugs and Bugs |
| title_short | The Other Obesity Epidemic—Of Drugs and Bugs |
| title_sort | other obesity epidemic of drugs and bugs |
| topic | obesity psychotropic drugs Bacteroidetes phylum xenobiotic sensors antimicrobials |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fendo.2020.00488/full |
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