Benefits in the Macrophage Response Due to Graphene Oxide Reduction by Thermal Treatment
Graphene and its derivatives are very promising nanomaterials for biomedical applications and are proving to be very useful for the preparation of scaffolds for tissue repair. The response of immune cells to these graphene-based materials (GBM) appears to be critical in promoting regeneration, thus,...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-06-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/13/6701 |
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| author | Mónica Cicuéndez Laura Casarrubios Nathalie Barroca Daniela Silva María José Feito Rosalía Diez-Orejas Paula A. A. P. Marques María Teresa Portolés |
| author_facet | Mónica Cicuéndez Laura Casarrubios Nathalie Barroca Daniela Silva María José Feito Rosalía Diez-Orejas Paula A. A. P. Marques María Teresa Portolés |
| author_sort | Mónica Cicuéndez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Graphene and its derivatives are very promising nanomaterials for biomedical applications and are proving to be very useful for the preparation of scaffolds for tissue repair. The response of immune cells to these graphene-based materials (GBM) appears to be critical in promoting regeneration, thus, the study of this response is essential before they are used to prepare any type of scaffold. Another relevant factor is the variability of the GBM surface chemistry, namely the type and quantity of oxygen functional groups, which may have an important effect on cell behavior. The response of RAW-264.7 macrophages to graphene oxide (GO) and two types of reduced GO, rGO15 and rGO30, obtained after vacuum-assisted thermal treatment of 15 and 30 min, respectively, was evaluated by analyzing the uptake of these nanostructures, the intracellular content of reactive oxygen species, and specific markers of the proinflammatory M1 phenotype, such as CD80 expression and secretion of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6. Our results demonstrate that GO reduction resulted in a decrease of both oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokine secretion, significantly improving its biocompatibility and potential for the preparation of 3D scaffolds able of triggering the appropriate immune response for tissue regeneration. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:09:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-69cf6c21e21042e5aad941784e988728 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:09:43Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-69cf6c21e21042e5aad941784e9887282023-11-22T01:17:28ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-06-012213670110.3390/ijms22136701Benefits in the Macrophage Response Due to Graphene Oxide Reduction by Thermal TreatmentMónica Cicuéndez0Laura Casarrubios1Nathalie Barroca2Daniela Silva3María José Feito4Rosalía Diez-Orejas5Paula A. A. P. Marques6María Teresa Portolés7Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, SpainDepartamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, SpainCenter for Mechanical Technology & Automation (TEMA), Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, PortugalCenter for Mechanical Technology & Automation (TEMA), Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, PortugalDepartamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, SpainDepartamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, SpainCenter for Mechanical Technology & Automation (TEMA), Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, PortugalDepartamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, SpainGraphene and its derivatives are very promising nanomaterials for biomedical applications and are proving to be very useful for the preparation of scaffolds for tissue repair. The response of immune cells to these graphene-based materials (GBM) appears to be critical in promoting regeneration, thus, the study of this response is essential before they are used to prepare any type of scaffold. Another relevant factor is the variability of the GBM surface chemistry, namely the type and quantity of oxygen functional groups, which may have an important effect on cell behavior. The response of RAW-264.7 macrophages to graphene oxide (GO) and two types of reduced GO, rGO15 and rGO30, obtained after vacuum-assisted thermal treatment of 15 and 30 min, respectively, was evaluated by analyzing the uptake of these nanostructures, the intracellular content of reactive oxygen species, and specific markers of the proinflammatory M1 phenotype, such as CD80 expression and secretion of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6. Our results demonstrate that GO reduction resulted in a decrease of both oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokine secretion, significantly improving its biocompatibility and potential for the preparation of 3D scaffolds able of triggering the appropriate immune response for tissue regeneration.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/13/6701graphene oxidereduced graphene oxidemacrophagecytokineimmune response |
| spellingShingle | Mónica Cicuéndez Laura Casarrubios Nathalie Barroca Daniela Silva María José Feito Rosalía Diez-Orejas Paula A. A. P. Marques María Teresa Portolés Benefits in the Macrophage Response Due to Graphene Oxide Reduction by Thermal Treatment International Journal of Molecular Sciences graphene oxide reduced graphene oxide macrophage cytokine immune response |
| title | Benefits in the Macrophage Response Due to Graphene Oxide Reduction by Thermal Treatment |
| title_full | Benefits in the Macrophage Response Due to Graphene Oxide Reduction by Thermal Treatment |
| title_fullStr | Benefits in the Macrophage Response Due to Graphene Oxide Reduction by Thermal Treatment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Benefits in the Macrophage Response Due to Graphene Oxide Reduction by Thermal Treatment |
| title_short | Benefits in the Macrophage Response Due to Graphene Oxide Reduction by Thermal Treatment |
| title_sort | benefits in the macrophage response due to graphene oxide reduction by thermal treatment |
| topic | graphene oxide reduced graphene oxide macrophage cytokine immune response |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/13/6701 |
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