Characterization and In Vitro Evaluation of Porous Polymer-Blended Scaffolds Functionalized with Tricalcium Phosphate
Bone tissue is one of the most transplanted tissues. The ageing population and bone diseases are the main causes of the growing need for novel treatments offered by bone tissue engineering. Three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds, as artificial structures that fulfil certain characteristics, can be used as...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Journal of Functional Biomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/3/57 |
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| author | Iwona Pudełko-Prażuch Mareeswari Balasubramanian Sundara Moorthi Ganesan Stanisław Marecik Kamila Walczak Kinga Pielichowska Suvro Chatterjee Ravichandran Kandaswamy Elżbieta Pamuła |
| author_facet | Iwona Pudełko-Prażuch Mareeswari Balasubramanian Sundara Moorthi Ganesan Stanisław Marecik Kamila Walczak Kinga Pielichowska Suvro Chatterjee Ravichandran Kandaswamy Elżbieta Pamuła |
| author_sort | Iwona Pudełko-Prażuch |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bone tissue is one of the most transplanted tissues. The ageing population and bone diseases are the main causes of the growing need for novel treatments offered by bone tissue engineering. Three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds, as artificial structures that fulfil certain characteristics, can be used as a temporary matrix for bone regeneration. In this study, we aimed to fabricate 3D porous polymer scaffolds functionalized with tricalcium phosphate (TCP) particles for applications in bone tissue regeneration. Different combinations of poly(lactic acid) (PLA), poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG with molecular weight of 600 or 2000 Da) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) with TCP were blended by a gel-casting method combined with rapid heating. Porous composite scaffolds with pore sizes from 100 to 1500 µm were obtained. ATR-FTIR, DSC, and wettability tests were performed to study scaffold composition, thermal properties, and hydrophilicity, respectively. The samples were observed with the use of optical and scanning electron microscopes. The addition of PCL to PLA increased the hydrophobicity of the composite scaffolds and reduced their susceptibility to degradation, whereas the addition of PEG increased the hydrophilicity and degradation rates but concomitantly resulted in enhanced creation of rounded mineral deposits. The scaffolds were not cytotoxic according to an indirect test in L929 fibroblasts, and they supported adhesion and growth of MG-63 cells when cultured in direct contact. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:08:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-69dc4aefa8194bbda0e8bb5a7d0cdfd7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-4983 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:08:05Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Functional Biomaterials |
| spelling | doaj.art-69dc4aefa8194bbda0e8bb5a7d0cdfd72024-03-27T13:48:37ZengMDPI AGJournal of Functional Biomaterials2079-49832024-02-011535710.3390/jfb15030057Characterization and In Vitro Evaluation of Porous Polymer-Blended Scaffolds Functionalized with Tricalcium PhosphateIwona Pudełko-Prażuch0Mareeswari Balasubramanian1Sundara Moorthi Ganesan2Stanisław Marecik3Kamila Walczak4Kinga Pielichowska5Suvro Chatterjee6Ravichandran Kandaswamy7Elżbieta Pamuła8Department of Biomaterials and Composites, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, PolandDepartment of Rubber and Plastics Technology, Madras Institute of Technology Campus, Anna University, Chromepet, Chennai 600 044, Tamil Nadu, IndiaDepartment of Rubber and Plastics Technology, Madras Institute of Technology Campus, Anna University, Chromepet, Chennai 600 044, Tamil Nadu, IndiaDepartment of Biomaterials and Composites, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, PolandDepartment of Biomaterials and Composites, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, PolandDepartment of Biomaterials and Composites, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, PolandDepartment of Biotechnology, Golapbag Campus, University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713 104, West Bengal, IndiaDepartment of Rubber and Plastics Technology, Madras Institute of Technology Campus, Anna University, Chromepet, Chennai 600 044, Tamil Nadu, IndiaDepartment of Biomaterials and Composites, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, PolandBone tissue is one of the most transplanted tissues. The ageing population and bone diseases are the main causes of the growing need for novel treatments offered by bone tissue engineering. Three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds, as artificial structures that fulfil certain characteristics, can be used as a temporary matrix for bone regeneration. In this study, we aimed to fabricate 3D porous polymer scaffolds functionalized with tricalcium phosphate (TCP) particles for applications in bone tissue regeneration. Different combinations of poly(lactic acid) (PLA), poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG with molecular weight of 600 or 2000 Da) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) with TCP were blended by a gel-casting method combined with rapid heating. Porous composite scaffolds with pore sizes from 100 to 1500 µm were obtained. ATR-FTIR, DSC, and wettability tests were performed to study scaffold composition, thermal properties, and hydrophilicity, respectively. The samples were observed with the use of optical and scanning electron microscopes. The addition of PCL to PLA increased the hydrophobicity of the composite scaffolds and reduced their susceptibility to degradation, whereas the addition of PEG increased the hydrophilicity and degradation rates but concomitantly resulted in enhanced creation of rounded mineral deposits. The scaffolds were not cytotoxic according to an indirect test in L929 fibroblasts, and they supported adhesion and growth of MG-63 cells when cultured in direct contact.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/3/57PLApolymer scaffoldsporous scaffoldspolymer blendsTCPpolymer functionalization |
| spellingShingle | Iwona Pudełko-Prażuch Mareeswari Balasubramanian Sundara Moorthi Ganesan Stanisław Marecik Kamila Walczak Kinga Pielichowska Suvro Chatterjee Ravichandran Kandaswamy Elżbieta Pamuła Characterization and In Vitro Evaluation of Porous Polymer-Blended Scaffolds Functionalized with Tricalcium Phosphate Journal of Functional Biomaterials PLA polymer scaffolds porous scaffolds polymer blends TCP polymer functionalization |
| title | Characterization and In Vitro Evaluation of Porous Polymer-Blended Scaffolds Functionalized with Tricalcium Phosphate |
| title_full | Characterization and In Vitro Evaluation of Porous Polymer-Blended Scaffolds Functionalized with Tricalcium Phosphate |
| title_fullStr | Characterization and In Vitro Evaluation of Porous Polymer-Blended Scaffolds Functionalized with Tricalcium Phosphate |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characterization and In Vitro Evaluation of Porous Polymer-Blended Scaffolds Functionalized with Tricalcium Phosphate |
| title_short | Characterization and In Vitro Evaluation of Porous Polymer-Blended Scaffolds Functionalized with Tricalcium Phosphate |
| title_sort | characterization and in vitro evaluation of porous polymer blended scaffolds functionalized with tricalcium phosphate |
| topic | PLA polymer scaffolds porous scaffolds polymer blends TCP polymer functionalization |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/3/57 |
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