Measuring air–sea gas-exchange velocities in a large-scale annular wind–wave tank
In this study we present gas-exchange measurements conducted in a large-scale wind–wave tank. Fourteen chemical species spanning a wide range of solubility (dimensionless solubility, α = 0.4 to 5470) and diffusivity (Schmidt number in water, <i>Sc</i><sub>w</sub> =...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Copernicus Publications
2015-01-01
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| Series: | Ocean Science |
| Online Access: | http://www.ocean-sci.net/11/121/2015/os-11-121-2015.pdf |
| _version_ | 1811268483868000256 |
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| author | E. Mesarchaki C. Kräuter K. E. Krall M. Bopp F. Helleis J. Williams B. Jähne |
| author_facet | E. Mesarchaki C. Kräuter K. E. Krall M. Bopp F. Helleis J. Williams B. Jähne |
| author_sort | E. Mesarchaki |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study we present gas-exchange measurements conducted in a large-scale
wind–wave tank. Fourteen chemical species spanning a wide range of solubility
(dimensionless solubility, α = 0.4 to 5470) and diffusivity
(Schmidt number in water, <i>Sc</i><sub>w</sub> = 594 to 1194) were examined under
various turbulent (<i>u</i><sub>10</sub> = 0.73 to 13.2 m s<sup>−1</sup>)
conditions. Additional experiments were performed under different surfactant
modulated (two different concentration levels of Triton X-100) surface
states. This paper details the complete methodology, experimental procedure
and instrumentation used to derive the total transfer velocity for all
examined tracers. The results presented here demonstrate the efficacy of the
proposed method, and the derived gas-exchange velocities are shown to be
comparable to previous investigations. The gas transfer behaviour is
exemplified by contrasting two species at the two solubility extremes, namely
nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) and methanol (CH<sub>3</sub>OH). Interestingly, a strong
transfer velocity reduction (up to a factor of 3) was observed for the
relatively insoluble N<sub>2</sub>O under a surfactant covered water surface. In
contrast, the surfactant effect for CH<sub>3</sub>OH, the high solubility tracer,
was significantly weaker. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T21:22:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-69de987aad02431aa299d4df65926fa5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1812-0784 1812-0792 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T21:22:22Z |
| publishDate | 2015-01-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Ocean Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-69de987aad02431aa299d4df65926fa52022-12-22T03:16:15ZengCopernicus PublicationsOcean Science1812-07841812-07922015-01-0111112113810.5194/os-11-121-2015Measuring air–sea gas-exchange velocities in a large-scale annular wind–wave tankE. Mesarchaki0C. Kräuter1K. E. Krall2M. Bopp3F. Helleis4J. Williams5B. Jähne6Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie (Otto-Hahn-Institut) Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, 55128 Mainz, GermanyInstitut für Umweltphysik Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, GermanyInstitut für Umweltphysik Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, GermanyInstitut für Umweltphysik Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, GermanyMax-Planck-Institut für Chemie (Otto-Hahn-Institut) Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, 55128 Mainz, GermanyMax-Planck-Institut für Chemie (Otto-Hahn-Institut) Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, 55128 Mainz, GermanyInstitut für Umweltphysik Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, GermanyIn this study we present gas-exchange measurements conducted in a large-scale wind–wave tank. Fourteen chemical species spanning a wide range of solubility (dimensionless solubility, α = 0.4 to 5470) and diffusivity (Schmidt number in water, <i>Sc</i><sub>w</sub> = 594 to 1194) were examined under various turbulent (<i>u</i><sub>10</sub> = 0.73 to 13.2 m s<sup>−1</sup>) conditions. Additional experiments were performed under different surfactant modulated (two different concentration levels of Triton X-100) surface states. This paper details the complete methodology, experimental procedure and instrumentation used to derive the total transfer velocity for all examined tracers. The results presented here demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method, and the derived gas-exchange velocities are shown to be comparable to previous investigations. The gas transfer behaviour is exemplified by contrasting two species at the two solubility extremes, namely nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) and methanol (CH<sub>3</sub>OH). Interestingly, a strong transfer velocity reduction (up to a factor of 3) was observed for the relatively insoluble N<sub>2</sub>O under a surfactant covered water surface. In contrast, the surfactant effect for CH<sub>3</sub>OH, the high solubility tracer, was significantly weaker.http://www.ocean-sci.net/11/121/2015/os-11-121-2015.pdf |
| spellingShingle | E. Mesarchaki C. Kräuter K. E. Krall M. Bopp F. Helleis J. Williams B. Jähne Measuring air–sea gas-exchange velocities in a large-scale annular wind–wave tank Ocean Science |
| title | Measuring air–sea gas-exchange velocities in a large-scale annular wind–wave tank |
| title_full | Measuring air–sea gas-exchange velocities in a large-scale annular wind–wave tank |
| title_fullStr | Measuring air–sea gas-exchange velocities in a large-scale annular wind–wave tank |
| title_full_unstemmed | Measuring air–sea gas-exchange velocities in a large-scale annular wind–wave tank |
| title_short | Measuring air–sea gas-exchange velocities in a large-scale annular wind–wave tank |
| title_sort | measuring air sea gas exchange velocities in a large scale annular wind wave tank |
| url | http://www.ocean-sci.net/11/121/2015/os-11-121-2015.pdf |
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