Evaluation of Mycotoxins in Infant Breast Milk and Infant Food, Reviewing the Literature Data
In this review, an analysis focusing on mycotoxin determination in infant breast milk and infant food has been summarised for the last fifteen years of research focused on the intended population group of 1–9 months. The objective was to know the level of exposure of the child population to an estim...
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MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/13/8/535 |
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| author | Marta Hernández Ana Juan-García Juan Carlos Moltó Jordi Mañes Cristina Juan |
| author_facet | Marta Hernández Ana Juan-García Juan Carlos Moltó Jordi Mañes Cristina Juan |
| author_sort | Marta Hernández |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this review, an analysis focusing on mycotoxin determination in infant breast milk and infant food has been summarised for the last fifteen years of research focused on the intended population group of 1–9 months. The objective was to know the level of exposure of the child population to an estimated daily intake (EDI) of mycotoxins from the consumption of habitual foods. The EDI was compared with the tolerable daily intake (TDI) established by EFSA to estimate risk. In breast milk, the high prevalence and levels were for samples from Africa (Egypt and Tanzania) with aflatoxin M1 (1.9 μg/L and 10%), and Asia (Iran) with ochratoxin-A (7.3 μg/L and 100%). In infant formulas, high incidences and values were for samples with aflatoxin M1 from Burkina Faso (167 samples, 84%, 87 μg/kg). In cereal products, the highest incidence was for DON from the United States (96 samples), and the highest value was an Italian sample (0.83 μg/kg of enniatin B). In fruit products, patulin was the most detected in Italian (78) and Spanish (24) samples. The highest risk was observed in breast milk during the first month of age, the highest EDI for aflatoxin M1 was reported for Egypt (344–595 ng/kg bw/day) and ochratoxin-A for Iran (97–167ng/kg bw/day), representing a public health problem. |
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-69e2874a899849d78e77b145485355dc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:19:33Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
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| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-69e2874a899849d78e77b145485355dc2023-11-22T10:04:21ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512021-07-0113853510.3390/toxins13080535Evaluation of Mycotoxins in Infant Breast Milk and Infant Food, Reviewing the Literature DataMarta Hernández0Ana Juan-García1Juan Carlos Moltó2Jordi Mañes3Cristina Juan4Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Burjassot, 46100 València, SpainLaboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Burjassot, 46100 València, SpainLaboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Burjassot, 46100 València, SpainLaboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Burjassot, 46100 València, SpainLaboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Burjassot, 46100 València, SpainIn this review, an analysis focusing on mycotoxin determination in infant breast milk and infant food has been summarised for the last fifteen years of research focused on the intended population group of 1–9 months. The objective was to know the level of exposure of the child population to an estimated daily intake (EDI) of mycotoxins from the consumption of habitual foods. The EDI was compared with the tolerable daily intake (TDI) established by EFSA to estimate risk. In breast milk, the high prevalence and levels were for samples from Africa (Egypt and Tanzania) with aflatoxin M1 (1.9 μg/L and 10%), and Asia (Iran) with ochratoxin-A (7.3 μg/L and 100%). In infant formulas, high incidences and values were for samples with aflatoxin M1 from Burkina Faso (167 samples, 84%, 87 μg/kg). In cereal products, the highest incidence was for DON from the United States (96 samples), and the highest value was an Italian sample (0.83 μg/kg of enniatin B). In fruit products, patulin was the most detected in Italian (78) and Spanish (24) samples. The highest risk was observed in breast milk during the first month of age, the highest EDI for aflatoxin M1 was reported for Egypt (344–595 ng/kg bw/day) and ochratoxin-A for Iran (97–167ng/kg bw/day), representing a public health problem.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/13/8/535breast milkinfant formulainfant cereals baby foodmycotoxinestimated daily intake |
| spellingShingle | Marta Hernández Ana Juan-García Juan Carlos Moltó Jordi Mañes Cristina Juan Evaluation of Mycotoxins in Infant Breast Milk and Infant Food, Reviewing the Literature Data Toxins breast milk infant formula infant cereals baby food mycotoxin estimated daily intake |
| title | Evaluation of Mycotoxins in Infant Breast Milk and Infant Food, Reviewing the Literature Data |
| title_full | Evaluation of Mycotoxins in Infant Breast Milk and Infant Food, Reviewing the Literature Data |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of Mycotoxins in Infant Breast Milk and Infant Food, Reviewing the Literature Data |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of Mycotoxins in Infant Breast Milk and Infant Food, Reviewing the Literature Data |
| title_short | Evaluation of Mycotoxins in Infant Breast Milk and Infant Food, Reviewing the Literature Data |
| title_sort | evaluation of mycotoxins in infant breast milk and infant food reviewing the literature data |
| topic | breast milk infant formula infant cereals baby food mycotoxin estimated daily intake |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/13/8/535 |
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