The East Asian Winter Monsoon Acts as a Major Selective Factor in the Intraspecific Differentiation of Drought-Tolerant <i>Nitraria tangutorum</i> in Northwest China
The influence of Quaternary climate fluctuation on the geographical structure and genetic diversity of species distributed in the regions of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) has been well established. However, the underlying role of the East Asian monsoon system (EAMS) in shaping the genetic structur...
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MDPI AG
2020-08-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| author | Hengxia Yin Lirong Wang Yong Shi Chaoju Qian Huakun Zhou Wenying Wang Xiao-Fei Ma Lam-Son Phan Tran Benyin Zhang |
| author_facet | Hengxia Yin Lirong Wang Yong Shi Chaoju Qian Huakun Zhou Wenying Wang Xiao-Fei Ma Lam-Son Phan Tran Benyin Zhang |
| author_sort | Hengxia Yin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The influence of Quaternary climate fluctuation on the geographical structure and genetic diversity of species distributed in the regions of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) has been well established. However, the underlying role of the East Asian monsoon system (EAMS) in shaping the genetic structure of the population and the demography of plants located in the arid northwest of China has not been explored. In the present study, <i>Nitraria tangutorum</i>, a drought-tolerant desert shrub that is distributed in the EAMS zone and has substantial ecological and economic value, was profiled to better understand the influence of EAMS evolution on its biogeographical patterns and demographic history. Thus, the phylogeographical structure and historical dynamics of this plant species were elucidated using its five chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) fragments. Hierarchical structure analysis revealed three distinct, divergent lineages: West, East-A, and East-B. The molecular dating was carried out using a Bayesian approach to estimate the time of intraspecies divergence. Notably, the eastern region, which included East-A and East-B lineages, was revealed to be the original center of distribution and was characterized by a high level of genetic diversity, with the intraspecific divergence time dated to be around 2.53 million years ago (Ma). These findings, combined with the data obtained by ecological niche modeling analysis, indicated that the East lineages have undergone population expansion and differentiation, which were closely correlated with the development of the EAMS, especially the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM). The West lineage appears to have originated from the migration of <i>N. tangutorum</i> across the Hexi corridor at around 1.85 Ma, and subsequent colonization of the western region. These results suggest that the EAWM accelerated the population expansion of <i>N. tangutorum</i> and subsequent intraspecific differentiation. These findings collectively provide new information on the impact of the evolution of the EAMS on intraspecific diversification and population demography of drought-tolerant plant species in northwest China. |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:46:54Z |
| publishDate | 2020-08-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-69e31be9adc24f1d97dc4f07dd1b142d2023-11-20T11:31:29ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472020-08-0199110010.3390/plants9091100The East Asian Winter Monsoon Acts as a Major Selective Factor in the Intraspecific Differentiation of Drought-Tolerant <i>Nitraria tangutorum</i> in Northwest ChinaHengxia Yin0Lirong Wang1Yong Shi2Chaoju Qian3Huakun Zhou4Wenying Wang5Xiao-Fei Ma6Lam-Son Phan Tran7Benyin Zhang8State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, ChinaCollege of Ecological Environment and Resources, Qinghai Nationalities University, Xining 810007, ChinaKey Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, ChinaKey Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Gansu Province, Department of Ecology and Agriculture Research, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaThe Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology in Cold Region of Qinghai Province, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Xining 810008, ChinaDepartment of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, ChinaKey Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Gansu Province, Department of Ecology and Agriculture Research, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaInstitute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang 550000, VietnamState Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, ChinaThe influence of Quaternary climate fluctuation on the geographical structure and genetic diversity of species distributed in the regions of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) has been well established. However, the underlying role of the East Asian monsoon system (EAMS) in shaping the genetic structure of the population and the demography of plants located in the arid northwest of China has not been explored. In the present study, <i>Nitraria tangutorum</i>, a drought-tolerant desert shrub that is distributed in the EAMS zone and has substantial ecological and economic value, was profiled to better understand the influence of EAMS evolution on its biogeographical patterns and demographic history. Thus, the phylogeographical structure and historical dynamics of this plant species were elucidated using its five chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) fragments. Hierarchical structure analysis revealed three distinct, divergent lineages: West, East-A, and East-B. The molecular dating was carried out using a Bayesian approach to estimate the time of intraspecies divergence. Notably, the eastern region, which included East-A and East-B lineages, was revealed to be the original center of distribution and was characterized by a high level of genetic diversity, with the intraspecific divergence time dated to be around 2.53 million years ago (Ma). These findings, combined with the data obtained by ecological niche modeling analysis, indicated that the East lineages have undergone population expansion and differentiation, which were closely correlated with the development of the EAMS, especially the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM). The West lineage appears to have originated from the migration of <i>N. tangutorum</i> across the Hexi corridor at around 1.85 Ma, and subsequent colonization of the western region. These results suggest that the EAWM accelerated the population expansion of <i>N. tangutorum</i> and subsequent intraspecific differentiation. These findings collectively provide new information on the impact of the evolution of the EAMS on intraspecific diversification and population demography of drought-tolerant plant species in northwest China.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/9/1100<i>Nitraria tangutorum</i>genetic structureintraspecific divergenceecological niche modelingEast Asian winter monsoon |
| spellingShingle | Hengxia Yin Lirong Wang Yong Shi Chaoju Qian Huakun Zhou Wenying Wang Xiao-Fei Ma Lam-Son Phan Tran Benyin Zhang The East Asian Winter Monsoon Acts as a Major Selective Factor in the Intraspecific Differentiation of Drought-Tolerant <i>Nitraria tangutorum</i> in Northwest China Plants <i>Nitraria tangutorum</i> genetic structure intraspecific divergence ecological niche modeling East Asian winter monsoon |
| title | The East Asian Winter Monsoon Acts as a Major Selective Factor in the Intraspecific Differentiation of Drought-Tolerant <i>Nitraria tangutorum</i> in Northwest China |
| title_full | The East Asian Winter Monsoon Acts as a Major Selective Factor in the Intraspecific Differentiation of Drought-Tolerant <i>Nitraria tangutorum</i> in Northwest China |
| title_fullStr | The East Asian Winter Monsoon Acts as a Major Selective Factor in the Intraspecific Differentiation of Drought-Tolerant <i>Nitraria tangutorum</i> in Northwest China |
| title_full_unstemmed | The East Asian Winter Monsoon Acts as a Major Selective Factor in the Intraspecific Differentiation of Drought-Tolerant <i>Nitraria tangutorum</i> in Northwest China |
| title_short | The East Asian Winter Monsoon Acts as a Major Selective Factor in the Intraspecific Differentiation of Drought-Tolerant <i>Nitraria tangutorum</i> in Northwest China |
| title_sort | east asian winter monsoon acts as a major selective factor in the intraspecific differentiation of drought tolerant i nitraria tangutorum i in northwest china |
| topic | <i>Nitraria tangutorum</i> genetic structure intraspecific divergence ecological niche modeling East Asian winter monsoon |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/9/1100 |
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