First-Principle Derivation of Single-Photon Entropy and Maxwell–Jüttner Velocity Distribution
This work is devoted to deriving the entropy of a single photon in a beam of light from first principles. Based on the quantum processes of light–matter interaction, we find that, if the light is not in equilibrium, there are two different ways, depending on whether the photon is being added or bein...
| Hlavní autoři: | , , |
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| Médium: | Článek |
| Jazyk: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Edice: | Entropy |
| Témata: | |
| On-line přístup: | https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/24/11/1609 |
| _version_ | 1827646644557971456 |
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| author | Changhao Li Jianfeng Li Yuliang Yang |
| author_facet | Changhao Li Jianfeng Li Yuliang Yang |
| author_sort | Changhao Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This work is devoted to deriving the entropy of a single photon in a beam of light from first principles. Based on the quantum processes of light–matter interaction, we find that, if the light is not in equilibrium, there are two different ways, depending on whether the photon is being added or being removed from the light, of defining the single-photon entropy of this light. However, when the light is in equilibrium at temperature <i>T</i>, the two definitions are equivalent and the photon entropy of this light is <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>h</mi><mi>ν</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>T</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. From first principles, we also re-derive the Jüttner velocity distribution showing that, even without interatomic collisions, two-level atoms will relax to the state satisfying the Maxwell–Jüttner velocity distribution when they are moving in blackbody radiation fields. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:05:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-69f21d84fc90499eaba14abc3e47da12 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1099-4300 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:05:28Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Entropy |
| spelling | doaj.art-69f21d84fc90499eaba14abc3e47da122023-11-24T04:37:02ZengMDPI AGEntropy1099-43002022-11-012411160910.3390/e24111609First-Principle Derivation of Single-Photon Entropy and Maxwell–Jüttner Velocity DistributionChanghao Li0Jianfeng Li1Yuliang Yang2The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, ChinaThe State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, ChinaThe State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, ChinaThis work is devoted to deriving the entropy of a single photon in a beam of light from first principles. Based on the quantum processes of light–matter interaction, we find that, if the light is not in equilibrium, there are two different ways, depending on whether the photon is being added or being removed from the light, of defining the single-photon entropy of this light. However, when the light is in equilibrium at temperature <i>T</i>, the two definitions are equivalent and the photon entropy of this light is <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>h</mi><mi>ν</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>T</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. From first principles, we also re-derive the Jüttner velocity distribution showing that, even without interatomic collisions, two-level atoms will relax to the state satisfying the Maxwell–Jüttner velocity distribution when they are moving in blackbody radiation fields.https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/24/11/1609entropy of photonJüttner velocity distributionabsorption and emission |
| spellingShingle | Changhao Li Jianfeng Li Yuliang Yang First-Principle Derivation of Single-Photon Entropy and Maxwell–Jüttner Velocity Distribution Entropy entropy of photon Jüttner velocity distribution absorption and emission |
| title | First-Principle Derivation of Single-Photon Entropy and Maxwell–Jüttner Velocity Distribution |
| title_full | First-Principle Derivation of Single-Photon Entropy and Maxwell–Jüttner Velocity Distribution |
| title_fullStr | First-Principle Derivation of Single-Photon Entropy and Maxwell–Jüttner Velocity Distribution |
| title_full_unstemmed | First-Principle Derivation of Single-Photon Entropy and Maxwell–Jüttner Velocity Distribution |
| title_short | First-Principle Derivation of Single-Photon Entropy and Maxwell–Jüttner Velocity Distribution |
| title_sort | first principle derivation of single photon entropy and maxwell juttner velocity distribution |
| topic | entropy of photon Jüttner velocity distribution absorption and emission |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/24/11/1609 |
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