Comparisons of Isolation Methods, Structural Features, and Bioactivities of the Polysaccharides from Three Common Panax Species: A Review of Recent Progress
<i>Panax</i> spp. (<i>Araliaceae</i> family) are widely used medicinal plants and they mainly include <i>Panax ginseng</i> C.A. Meyer<i>, Panax quinquefolium</i> L. (American ginseng)<i>,</i> and <i>Panax notoginseng</i> (notogi...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-08-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/16/4997 |
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| author | Hongyu Qi Zepeng Zhang Jiaqi Liu Zhaoqiang Chen Qingxia Huang Jing Li Jinjin Chen Mingxing Wang Daqing Zhao Zeyu Wang Xiangyan Li |
| author_facet | Hongyu Qi Zepeng Zhang Jiaqi Liu Zhaoqiang Chen Qingxia Huang Jing Li Jinjin Chen Mingxing Wang Daqing Zhao Zeyu Wang Xiangyan Li |
| author_sort | Hongyu Qi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Panax</i> spp. (<i>Araliaceae</i> family) are widely used medicinal plants and they mainly include <i>Panax ginseng</i> C.A. Meyer<i>, Panax quinquefolium</i> L. (American ginseng)<i>,</i> and <i>Panax notoginseng</i> (notoginseng). Polysaccharides are the main active ingredients in these plants and have demonstrated diverse pharmacological functions, but comparisons of isolation methods, structural features, and bioactivities of these polysaccharides have not yet been reported. This review summarizes recent advances associated with 112 polysaccharides from ginseng, 25 polysaccharides from American ginseng, and 36 polysaccharides from notoginseng and it compares the differences in extraction, purification, structural features, and bioactivities. Most studies focus on ginseng polysaccharides and comparisons are typically made with the polysaccharides from American ginseng and notoginseng. For the extraction, purification, and structural analysis, the processes are similar for the polysaccharides from the three Panax species. Previous studies determined that 55 polysaccharides from ginseng, 18 polysaccharides from American ginseng, and 9 polysaccharides from notoginseng exhibited anti-tumor activity, immunoregulatory effects, anti-oxidant activity, and other pharmacological functions, which are mediated by multiple signaling pathways, including mitogen-activated protein kinase, nuclear factor kappa B, or redox balance pathways. This review can provide new insights into the similarities and differences among the polysaccharides from the three Panax species, which can facilitate and guide further studies to explore the medicinal properties of the <i>Araliaceae</i> family used in traditional Chinese medicine. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:33:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-69fd10c354714e9c90f753ed2c8b993d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:33:11Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-69fd10c354714e9c90f753ed2c8b993d2023-11-22T08:55:07ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492021-08-012616499710.3390/molecules26164997Comparisons of Isolation Methods, Structural Features, and Bioactivities of the Polysaccharides from Three Common Panax Species: A Review of Recent ProgressHongyu Qi0Zepeng Zhang1Jiaqi Liu2Zhaoqiang Chen3Qingxia Huang4Jing Li5Jinjin Chen6Mingxing Wang7Daqing Zhao8Zeyu Wang9Xiangyan Li10Jilin Ginseng Academy, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, ChinaResearch Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, ChinaJilin Ginseng Academy, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, ChinaJilin Ginseng Academy, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, ChinaJilin Ginseng Academy, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, ChinaJilin Ginseng Academy, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, ChinaJilin Ginseng Academy, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, ChinaResearch Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, ChinaJilin Ginseng Academy, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, ChinaDepartment of Scientific Research, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, ChinaJilin Ginseng Academy, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China<i>Panax</i> spp. (<i>Araliaceae</i> family) are widely used medicinal plants and they mainly include <i>Panax ginseng</i> C.A. Meyer<i>, Panax quinquefolium</i> L. (American ginseng)<i>,</i> and <i>Panax notoginseng</i> (notoginseng). Polysaccharides are the main active ingredients in these plants and have demonstrated diverse pharmacological functions, but comparisons of isolation methods, structural features, and bioactivities of these polysaccharides have not yet been reported. This review summarizes recent advances associated with 112 polysaccharides from ginseng, 25 polysaccharides from American ginseng, and 36 polysaccharides from notoginseng and it compares the differences in extraction, purification, structural features, and bioactivities. Most studies focus on ginseng polysaccharides and comparisons are typically made with the polysaccharides from American ginseng and notoginseng. For the extraction, purification, and structural analysis, the processes are similar for the polysaccharides from the three Panax species. Previous studies determined that 55 polysaccharides from ginseng, 18 polysaccharides from American ginseng, and 9 polysaccharides from notoginseng exhibited anti-tumor activity, immunoregulatory effects, anti-oxidant activity, and other pharmacological functions, which are mediated by multiple signaling pathways, including mitogen-activated protein kinase, nuclear factor kappa B, or redox balance pathways. This review can provide new insights into the similarities and differences among the polysaccharides from the three Panax species, which can facilitate and guide further studies to explore the medicinal properties of the <i>Araliaceae</i> family used in traditional Chinese medicine.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/16/4997<i>Araliaceae</i> familypolysaccharidesextractionpurificationstructural featurespharmacological functions |
| spellingShingle | Hongyu Qi Zepeng Zhang Jiaqi Liu Zhaoqiang Chen Qingxia Huang Jing Li Jinjin Chen Mingxing Wang Daqing Zhao Zeyu Wang Xiangyan Li Comparisons of Isolation Methods, Structural Features, and Bioactivities of the Polysaccharides from Three Common Panax Species: A Review of Recent Progress Molecules <i>Araliaceae</i> family polysaccharides extraction purification structural features pharmacological functions |
| title | Comparisons of Isolation Methods, Structural Features, and Bioactivities of the Polysaccharides from Three Common Panax Species: A Review of Recent Progress |
| title_full | Comparisons of Isolation Methods, Structural Features, and Bioactivities of the Polysaccharides from Three Common Panax Species: A Review of Recent Progress |
| title_fullStr | Comparisons of Isolation Methods, Structural Features, and Bioactivities of the Polysaccharides from Three Common Panax Species: A Review of Recent Progress |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparisons of Isolation Methods, Structural Features, and Bioactivities of the Polysaccharides from Three Common Panax Species: A Review of Recent Progress |
| title_short | Comparisons of Isolation Methods, Structural Features, and Bioactivities of the Polysaccharides from Three Common Panax Species: A Review of Recent Progress |
| title_sort | comparisons of isolation methods structural features and bioactivities of the polysaccharides from three common panax species a review of recent progress |
| topic | <i>Araliaceae</i> family polysaccharides extraction purification structural features pharmacological functions |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/16/4997 |
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