Unraveling the Role of Endothelial Dysfunction in Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head: A Pathway to New Therapies
Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a disabling disease characterized by the disruption of the blood supply to the femoral head, leading to the apoptosis and necrosis of bone cells and subsequent joint collapse. Total hip arthroplasty is not optimal since most patients are young. Multiple ri...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Biomedicines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/3/664 |
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| author | Wenkai Shao Ping Wang Xiao Lv Bo Wang Song Gong Yong Feng |
| author_facet | Wenkai Shao Ping Wang Xiao Lv Bo Wang Song Gong Yong Feng |
| author_sort | Wenkai Shao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a disabling disease characterized by the disruption of the blood supply to the femoral head, leading to the apoptosis and necrosis of bone cells and subsequent joint collapse. Total hip arthroplasty is not optimal since most patients are young. Multiple risk factors contribute to osteonecrosis, including glucocorticoid (GC) usage, excessive alcohol intake, hypercholesterolemia, and smoking. Continuous stimulation by many variables causes a chronic inflammatory milieu, with clinical repercussions including endothelial dysfunction, leading to thrombosis, coagulopathy, and poor angiogenesis. Immune cells are the primary regulators of inflammation. Innate and adaptive immune cells interact with endothelial cells to hinder the regeneration and repair of bone lesions. An in-depth examination of the pathological drivers of ONFH reveals that endothelial dysfunction may be a major cause of osteonecrosis. Understanding the involvement of endothelial dysfunction in the chronic inflammation of osteonecrosis could aid in the development of possible therapies. This review summarizes the role of endothelial cells in osteonecrosis and further explains the pathophysiological mechanism of endothelial dysfunction in this disease from the perspective of inflammation to provide new ideas for the treatment of osteonecrosis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:31:13Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9059 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:31:13Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-6a02d2eb037640ad95687479ec243b322024-03-27T13:23:04ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592024-03-0112366410.3390/biomedicines12030664Unraveling the Role of Endothelial Dysfunction in Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head: A Pathway to New TherapiesWenkai Shao0Ping Wang1Xiao Lv2Bo Wang3Song Gong4Yong Feng5Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, ChinaDepartment of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, ChinaDepartment of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, ChinaDepartment of Rehabilitation, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, ChinaDepartment of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, ChinaDepartment of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, ChinaOsteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a disabling disease characterized by the disruption of the blood supply to the femoral head, leading to the apoptosis and necrosis of bone cells and subsequent joint collapse. Total hip arthroplasty is not optimal since most patients are young. Multiple risk factors contribute to osteonecrosis, including glucocorticoid (GC) usage, excessive alcohol intake, hypercholesterolemia, and smoking. Continuous stimulation by many variables causes a chronic inflammatory milieu, with clinical repercussions including endothelial dysfunction, leading to thrombosis, coagulopathy, and poor angiogenesis. Immune cells are the primary regulators of inflammation. Innate and adaptive immune cells interact with endothelial cells to hinder the regeneration and repair of bone lesions. An in-depth examination of the pathological drivers of ONFH reveals that endothelial dysfunction may be a major cause of osteonecrosis. Understanding the involvement of endothelial dysfunction in the chronic inflammation of osteonecrosis could aid in the development of possible therapies. This review summarizes the role of endothelial cells in osteonecrosis and further explains the pathophysiological mechanism of endothelial dysfunction in this disease from the perspective of inflammation to provide new ideas for the treatment of osteonecrosis.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/3/664osteonecrosis of the femoral headendothelial dysfunctioncoagulopathyinflammationangiogenesis |
| spellingShingle | Wenkai Shao Ping Wang Xiao Lv Bo Wang Song Gong Yong Feng Unraveling the Role of Endothelial Dysfunction in Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head: A Pathway to New Therapies Biomedicines osteonecrosis of the femoral head endothelial dysfunction coagulopathy inflammation angiogenesis |
| title | Unraveling the Role of Endothelial Dysfunction in Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head: A Pathway to New Therapies |
| title_full | Unraveling the Role of Endothelial Dysfunction in Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head: A Pathway to New Therapies |
| title_fullStr | Unraveling the Role of Endothelial Dysfunction in Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head: A Pathway to New Therapies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Unraveling the Role of Endothelial Dysfunction in Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head: A Pathway to New Therapies |
| title_short | Unraveling the Role of Endothelial Dysfunction in Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head: A Pathway to New Therapies |
| title_sort | unraveling the role of endothelial dysfunction in osteonecrosis of the femoral head a pathway to new therapies |
| topic | osteonecrosis of the femoral head endothelial dysfunction coagulopathy inflammation angiogenesis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/3/664 |
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