Myostatin and Related Factors Are Involved in Skeletal Muscle Protein Breakdown in Growing Broilers Exposed to Constant Heat Stress
Heat stress has an adverse effect on the development of poultry farming, which has always aroused great concern. This study was carried out to investigate the protein breakdown mechanism responsible for the suppressive effect of constant heat stress on muscle growth in growing broilers. A total of 9...
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MDPI AG
2021-05-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/5/1467 |
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| author | Xiumei Li Minhong Zhang Jinghai Feng Ying Zhou |
| author_facet | Xiumei Li Minhong Zhang Jinghai Feng Ying Zhou |
| author_sort | Xiumei Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Heat stress has an adverse effect on the development of poultry farming, which has always aroused great concern. This study was carried out to investigate the protein breakdown mechanism responsible for the suppressive effect of constant heat stress on muscle growth in growing broilers. A total of 96, 29-day-old, Arbor Acres male broilers were randomly divided into two groups, a thermoneutral control (21 ± 1 °C, TC) and a heat stress (31 ± 1 °C, HS) group, with six replicates in each group and eight birds in each replicate. The trial period lasted for 14 d, and the trial was performed at 60 ± 7% relative humidity, a wind speed of <0.5 m/s and an ammonia level of <5 ppm. The results showed that the average daily feed intake and average daily gain in the HS group were distinctly lower than those in the TC group (<i>p</i> < 0.05), whereas the HS group showed a significantly increased feed conversion ratio, nitrogen excretion per weight gain and nitrogen excretion per feed intake compared to the TC group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In addition, the HS group showed a significantly reduced breast muscle yield and nitrogen utilization in the broilers (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The HS group showed an increase in the serum corticosterone level (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and a decrease in the thyroxine levels in the broiler chickens (<i>p</i> < 0.05) compared to the TC group, whereas the HS group showed no significant changes in the serum 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine levels compared to the TC group (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Moreover, the HS group showed increased mRNA expression levels of myostatin, Smad3, forkhead box O 4, muscle atrophy F-box and muscle ring-finger 1, but reduced mRNA expression levels of the mammalian target of rapamycin, the protein kinase B and the myogenic determination factor 1 (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In conclusion, the poor growth performance of birds under constant heat stress may be due to an increased protein breakdown via an mRNA expression of myostatin and related factors. |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:14:13Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
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| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-6a0c1c36526d4e75bffc665c9b268e1e2023-11-21T20:33:47ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152021-05-01115146710.3390/ani11051467Myostatin and Related Factors Are Involved in Skeletal Muscle Protein Breakdown in Growing Broilers Exposed to Constant Heat StressXiumei Li0Minhong Zhang1Jinghai Feng2Ying Zhou3State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, ChinaHeat stress has an adverse effect on the development of poultry farming, which has always aroused great concern. This study was carried out to investigate the protein breakdown mechanism responsible for the suppressive effect of constant heat stress on muscle growth in growing broilers. A total of 96, 29-day-old, Arbor Acres male broilers were randomly divided into two groups, a thermoneutral control (21 ± 1 °C, TC) and a heat stress (31 ± 1 °C, HS) group, with six replicates in each group and eight birds in each replicate. The trial period lasted for 14 d, and the trial was performed at 60 ± 7% relative humidity, a wind speed of <0.5 m/s and an ammonia level of <5 ppm. The results showed that the average daily feed intake and average daily gain in the HS group were distinctly lower than those in the TC group (<i>p</i> < 0.05), whereas the HS group showed a significantly increased feed conversion ratio, nitrogen excretion per weight gain and nitrogen excretion per feed intake compared to the TC group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In addition, the HS group showed a significantly reduced breast muscle yield and nitrogen utilization in the broilers (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The HS group showed an increase in the serum corticosterone level (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and a decrease in the thyroxine levels in the broiler chickens (<i>p</i> < 0.05) compared to the TC group, whereas the HS group showed no significant changes in the serum 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine levels compared to the TC group (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Moreover, the HS group showed increased mRNA expression levels of myostatin, Smad3, forkhead box O 4, muscle atrophy F-box and muscle ring-finger 1, but reduced mRNA expression levels of the mammalian target of rapamycin, the protein kinase B and the myogenic determination factor 1 (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In conclusion, the poor growth performance of birds under constant heat stress may be due to an increased protein breakdown via an mRNA expression of myostatin and related factors.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/5/1467chickenhigh temperatureregulatory factorsprotein degradationgrowth |
| spellingShingle | Xiumei Li Minhong Zhang Jinghai Feng Ying Zhou Myostatin and Related Factors Are Involved in Skeletal Muscle Protein Breakdown in Growing Broilers Exposed to Constant Heat Stress Animals chicken high temperature regulatory factors protein degradation growth |
| title | Myostatin and Related Factors Are Involved in Skeletal Muscle Protein Breakdown in Growing Broilers Exposed to Constant Heat Stress |
| title_full | Myostatin and Related Factors Are Involved in Skeletal Muscle Protein Breakdown in Growing Broilers Exposed to Constant Heat Stress |
| title_fullStr | Myostatin and Related Factors Are Involved in Skeletal Muscle Protein Breakdown in Growing Broilers Exposed to Constant Heat Stress |
| title_full_unstemmed | Myostatin and Related Factors Are Involved in Skeletal Muscle Protein Breakdown in Growing Broilers Exposed to Constant Heat Stress |
| title_short | Myostatin and Related Factors Are Involved in Skeletal Muscle Protein Breakdown in Growing Broilers Exposed to Constant Heat Stress |
| title_sort | myostatin and related factors are involved in skeletal muscle protein breakdown in growing broilers exposed to constant heat stress |
| topic | chicken high temperature regulatory factors protein degradation growth |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/5/1467 |
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