Design and characterization of a cobalt-free stainless maraging steel for laser-based powder bed fusion
This study presents a new Co-free stainless maraging variant for laser-based powder bed fusion developed using a computational alloy design approach. The goal was to develop an easily printable material with similar performance to 18Ni-300. After screening numerous compositions, Fe-13.2Cr-9.1Ni-1.1A...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Materials & Design |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127522008024 |
| _version_ | 1811249613253902336 |
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| author | D. Riabov K. Frisk M. Thuvander E. Hryha S. Bengtsson |
| author_facet | D. Riabov K. Frisk M. Thuvander E. Hryha S. Bengtsson |
| author_sort | D. Riabov |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study presents a new Co-free stainless maraging variant for laser-based powder bed fusion developed using a computational alloy design approach. The goal was to develop an easily printable material with similar performance to 18Ni-300. After screening numerous compositions, Fe-13.2Cr-9.1Ni-1.1Al-0.6Mo-0.5Nb-0.23Ti-0.5Mn-0.5Si (wt.%) was selected. This composition showed excellent printability with low porosity levels. The precipitation strengthening response was evaluated by aging at 500 °C for 15 min, 3 h and 18 h, measuring hardness, tensile strength, and by characterization using atom probe tomography. After 15 min of aging, 90% of the maximum hardness was reached, thanks to formation of (Ni, Al, Nb, Ti, Mn, Si) clusters with a density of 1.5 × 1024 m-3. Between 15 min and 3 h, distinct precipitates formed with a radius of ∼1.4 nm. The precipitates underwent a splitting phenomenon after 18 h, forming several unique Ni-rich precipitates including Ni16Si7(Ti, Nb)6 and Ni3(Al, Ti, Nb, Si). The splitting can be a reason for the slow coarsening rate, as the average precipitate radius after 18 h was only 2 nm. Simulations of the precipitation sequence using PRISMA indicated very rapid and dense precipitation of L12-Ni3X precipitates with a slow coarsening rate, in agreement with experimental observations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T15:49:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6a0d9ed85a0746e291eb849d645358bc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0264-1275 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T15:49:40Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials & Design |
| spelling | doaj.art-6a0d9ed85a0746e291eb849d645358bc2022-12-22T03:26:33ZengElsevierMaterials & Design0264-12752022-11-01223111180Design and characterization of a cobalt-free stainless maraging steel for laser-based powder bed fusionD. Riabov0K. Frisk1M. Thuvander2E. Hryha3S. Bengtsson4Industrial Materials and Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden; Corresponding author: Department of Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Rännvägen, 2A, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.Industrial Materials and Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 412 96, SwedenDepartment of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 412 96, SwedenIndustrial Materials and Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 412 96, SwedenHöganäs AB, Höganäs 263 39, SwedenThis study presents a new Co-free stainless maraging variant for laser-based powder bed fusion developed using a computational alloy design approach. The goal was to develop an easily printable material with similar performance to 18Ni-300. After screening numerous compositions, Fe-13.2Cr-9.1Ni-1.1Al-0.6Mo-0.5Nb-0.23Ti-0.5Mn-0.5Si (wt.%) was selected. This composition showed excellent printability with low porosity levels. The precipitation strengthening response was evaluated by aging at 500 °C for 15 min, 3 h and 18 h, measuring hardness, tensile strength, and by characterization using atom probe tomography. After 15 min of aging, 90% of the maximum hardness was reached, thanks to formation of (Ni, Al, Nb, Ti, Mn, Si) clusters with a density of 1.5 × 1024 m-3. Between 15 min and 3 h, distinct precipitates formed with a radius of ∼1.4 nm. The precipitates underwent a splitting phenomenon after 18 h, forming several unique Ni-rich precipitates including Ni16Si7(Ti, Nb)6 and Ni3(Al, Ti, Nb, Si). The splitting can be a reason for the slow coarsening rate, as the average precipitate radius after 18 h was only 2 nm. Simulations of the precipitation sequence using PRISMA indicated very rapid and dense precipitation of L12-Ni3X precipitates with a slow coarsening rate, in agreement with experimental observations.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127522008024AdditiveLB-PBFMaragingAPTPrecipitatesAlloy design |
| spellingShingle | D. Riabov K. Frisk M. Thuvander E. Hryha S. Bengtsson Design and characterization of a cobalt-free stainless maraging steel for laser-based powder bed fusion Materials & Design Additive LB-PBF Maraging APT Precipitates Alloy design |
| title | Design and characterization of a cobalt-free stainless maraging steel for laser-based powder bed fusion |
| title_full | Design and characterization of a cobalt-free stainless maraging steel for laser-based powder bed fusion |
| title_fullStr | Design and characterization of a cobalt-free stainless maraging steel for laser-based powder bed fusion |
| title_full_unstemmed | Design and characterization of a cobalt-free stainless maraging steel for laser-based powder bed fusion |
| title_short | Design and characterization of a cobalt-free stainless maraging steel for laser-based powder bed fusion |
| title_sort | design and characterization of a cobalt free stainless maraging steel for laser based powder bed fusion |
| topic | Additive LB-PBF Maraging APT Precipitates Alloy design |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127522008024 |
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