Multi-methodological characterisation of Costa Rican biochars from small-scale retort and top-lit updraft stoves and inter-methodological comparison
We applied common (pH, elemental analysis, thermogravimetry) and less-common (infrared spectroscopy, GACS adsorption test, pyrolysis-GC-MS, hydrogen pyrolysis) analytical procedures to a set of biochars from Costa Rica (bamboo stalk, cacao chaff, sawmill scrap, coconut husk and orchard prunings feed...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Kassel University Press
2017-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2017010351802 |
| _version_ | 1819175455027101696 |
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| author | Joeri Kaal Roberto Calvelo Art Donnelly Anna McBeath Antonio Martínez Cortizas Hugh McLaughlin |
| author_facet | Joeri Kaal Roberto Calvelo Art Donnelly Anna McBeath Antonio Martínez Cortizas Hugh McLaughlin |
| author_sort | Joeri Kaal |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We applied common (pH, elemental analysis, thermogravimetry) and less-common (infrared spectroscopy, GACS adsorption test, pyrolysis-GC-MS, hydrogen pyrolysis) analytical procedures to a set of biochars from Costa Rica (bamboo stalk, cacao chaff, sawmill scrap, coconut husk and orchard prunings feedstocks). The biochars were produced by high temperature combustion in a top-lit updraft stove (TLUD) and low temperature anaerobic charring in a retort (RET), the latter of which was heated by the gas that evolved from the TLUD. The RET biochars exhibit a smaller adsorption capacity, higher molecular diversity and larger proportion of thermolabile materials, because of the lower degree of thermochemical alteration (DTA) and therefore limited formation of the microporous polycondensed aromatic matrix typical of the TLUD biochars. Multivariate statistics showed that DTA, not feedstock composition, controls biochar organic chemistry. The TLUD biochars might be better candidates for soil amendment because of their adsorption capacities and will probably exert a more prolonged effect because of their chemical stability. The cross-comparison of the methods showed the complementarity of especially elemental analysis, GACS, thermogravimetry, hypy and pyrolysis-GC-MS. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T20:55:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6a22bf243a344239a3e087d9f9611302 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1612-9830 2363-6033 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T20:55:08Z |
| publishDate | 2017-01-01 |
| publisher | Kassel University Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics |
| spelling | doaj.art-6a22bf243a344239a3e087d9f96113022022-12-21T18:12:58ZengKassel University PressJournal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics1612-98302363-60332017-01-011181115Multi-methodological characterisation of Costa Rican biochars from small-scale retort and top-lit updraft stoves and inter-methodological comparisonJoeri Kaal0Roberto Calvelo1Art Donnelly2Anna McBeath3Antonio Martínez Cortizas4Hugh McLaughlin5Institute for Heritage Science (Incipit), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Departamento de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Fac. Bioloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Sur, Santiago de Compostela, SpainNew Zealand Biochar Research Centre, Soil and Earth Sciences Group, Institute of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New ZealandSeaChar.Org, University Place, Seattle, USACollege of Science, Technology and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, AustraliaDepartamento de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Fac. Bioloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Sur, Santiago de Compostela, SpainNextChar, LLC, Amherst, MA, USAWe applied common (pH, elemental analysis, thermogravimetry) and less-common (infrared spectroscopy, GACS adsorption test, pyrolysis-GC-MS, hydrogen pyrolysis) analytical procedures to a set of biochars from Costa Rica (bamboo stalk, cacao chaff, sawmill scrap, coconut husk and orchard prunings feedstocks). The biochars were produced by high temperature combustion in a top-lit updraft stove (TLUD) and low temperature anaerobic charring in a retort (RET), the latter of which was heated by the gas that evolved from the TLUD. The RET biochars exhibit a smaller adsorption capacity, higher molecular diversity and larger proportion of thermolabile materials, because of the lower degree of thermochemical alteration (DTA) and therefore limited formation of the microporous polycondensed aromatic matrix typical of the TLUD biochars. Multivariate statistics showed that DTA, not feedstock composition, controls biochar organic chemistry. The TLUD biochars might be better candidates for soil amendment because of their adsorption capacities and will probably exert a more prolonged effect because of their chemical stability. The cross-comparison of the methods showed the complementarity of especially elemental analysis, GACS, thermogravimetry, hypy and pyrolysis-GC-MS.http://jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2017010351802biocharcharacterisationCosta Ricarural communities 1 Introduction Biochar is thermally modified biomasssuch as charcoal obtained from urbanindustrialagricultural or forestry residuesrural communities |
| spellingShingle | Joeri Kaal Roberto Calvelo Art Donnelly Anna McBeath Antonio Martínez Cortizas Hugh McLaughlin Multi-methodological characterisation of Costa Rican biochars from small-scale retort and top-lit updraft stoves and inter-methodological comparison Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics biochar characterisation Costa Rica rural communities 1 Introduction Biochar is thermally modified biomass such as charcoal obtained from urban industrial agricultural or forestry residues rural communities |
| title | Multi-methodological characterisation of Costa Rican biochars from small-scale retort and top-lit updraft stoves and inter-methodological comparison |
| title_full | Multi-methodological characterisation of Costa Rican biochars from small-scale retort and top-lit updraft stoves and inter-methodological comparison |
| title_fullStr | Multi-methodological characterisation of Costa Rican biochars from small-scale retort and top-lit updraft stoves and inter-methodological comparison |
| title_full_unstemmed | Multi-methodological characterisation of Costa Rican biochars from small-scale retort and top-lit updraft stoves and inter-methodological comparison |
| title_short | Multi-methodological characterisation of Costa Rican biochars from small-scale retort and top-lit updraft stoves and inter-methodological comparison |
| title_sort | multi methodological characterisation of costa rican biochars from small scale retort and top lit updraft stoves and inter methodological comparison |
| topic | biochar characterisation Costa Rica rural communities 1 Introduction Biochar is thermally modified biomass such as charcoal obtained from urban industrial agricultural or forestry residues rural communities |
| url | http://jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2017010351802 |
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