CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> Emission Factors from Light-Duty Vehicles by Fuel Types in Thailand
Correct emission factors are necessary for evaluating vehicle emissions and making proper decisions to manage air pollution in the transportation sector. In this study, using a chassis dynamometer at the Automotive Emission Laboratory, CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> emissi...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Atmosphere |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/10/1588 |
| _version_ | 1797475403602853888 |
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| author | Duanpen Sirithian Pantitcha Thanatrakolsri Surangrat Pongpan |
| author_facet | Duanpen Sirithian Pantitcha Thanatrakolsri Surangrat Pongpan |
| author_sort | Duanpen Sirithian |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Correct emission factors are necessary for evaluating vehicle emissions and making proper decisions to manage air pollution in the transportation sector. In this study, using a chassis dynamometer at the Automotive Emission Laboratory, CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> emission factors of light-duty vehicles (LDVs) were developed by fuel types and driving speeds. The Bangkok driving cycle was used for the vehicle’s running and controlling under the standard procedure. Results present that the highest average CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> emission factors were emitted from LDG vehicles, at 232.25 g/km and 9.50 mg/km, respectively. The average CO<sub>2</sub> emission factor of the LDD vehicles was higher than that of the LDG vehicles, at 182.53 g/km and 171.01 g/km, respectively. Nevertheless, the average CH<sub>4</sub> emission factors of the LDD vehicles were lower than those of the LDG vehicles, at 2.21 mg/km and 3.02 mg/km, respectively. The result reveals that the lower driving speed emitted higher CO<sub>2</sub> emission factors for LDVs. It reflects the higher fuel consumption rate (L/100 km) and the lower fuel economy rate (km/L). Moreover, the portion of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions emitted from LDVs was 99.96% of total GHG emissions. The CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> emission factors developed through this study will be used to support the greenhouse gas reduction policies, especially concerning the CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> emitted from vehicles. Furthermore, it can be used as a database that encourages Thailand’s green transportation management system. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:43:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6a2e1c954bd14ecdb38487c63090c945 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:43:42Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj.art-6a2e1c954bd14ecdb38487c63090c9452023-11-23T22:50:34ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332022-09-011310158810.3390/atmos13101588CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> Emission Factors from Light-Duty Vehicles by Fuel Types in ThailandDuanpen Sirithian0Pantitcha Thanatrakolsri1Surangrat Pongpan2Faculty of Public Health, Thammasat University, Lampang 52190, ThailandFaculty of Public Health, Thammasat University, Lampang 52190, ThailandFaculty of Public Health, Thammasat University, Lampang 52190, ThailandCorrect emission factors are necessary for evaluating vehicle emissions and making proper decisions to manage air pollution in the transportation sector. In this study, using a chassis dynamometer at the Automotive Emission Laboratory, CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> emission factors of light-duty vehicles (LDVs) were developed by fuel types and driving speeds. The Bangkok driving cycle was used for the vehicle’s running and controlling under the standard procedure. Results present that the highest average CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> emission factors were emitted from LDG vehicles, at 232.25 g/km and 9.50 mg/km, respectively. The average CO<sub>2</sub> emission factor of the LDD vehicles was higher than that of the LDG vehicles, at 182.53 g/km and 171.01 g/km, respectively. Nevertheless, the average CH<sub>4</sub> emission factors of the LDD vehicles were lower than those of the LDG vehicles, at 2.21 mg/km and 3.02 mg/km, respectively. The result reveals that the lower driving speed emitted higher CO<sub>2</sub> emission factors for LDVs. It reflects the higher fuel consumption rate (L/100 km) and the lower fuel economy rate (km/L). Moreover, the portion of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions emitted from LDVs was 99.96% of total GHG emissions. The CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> emission factors developed through this study will be used to support the greenhouse gas reduction policies, especially concerning the CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> emitted from vehicles. Furthermore, it can be used as a database that encourages Thailand’s green transportation management system.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/10/1588emission factorgreenhouse gasCO<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>4</sub>fuel typedriving speed |
| spellingShingle | Duanpen Sirithian Pantitcha Thanatrakolsri Surangrat Pongpan CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> Emission Factors from Light-Duty Vehicles by Fuel Types in Thailand Atmosphere emission factor greenhouse gas CO<sub>2</sub> CH<sub>4</sub> fuel type driving speed |
| title | CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> Emission Factors from Light-Duty Vehicles by Fuel Types in Thailand |
| title_full | CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> Emission Factors from Light-Duty Vehicles by Fuel Types in Thailand |
| title_fullStr | CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> Emission Factors from Light-Duty Vehicles by Fuel Types in Thailand |
| title_full_unstemmed | CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> Emission Factors from Light-Duty Vehicles by Fuel Types in Thailand |
| title_short | CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> Emission Factors from Light-Duty Vehicles by Fuel Types in Thailand |
| title_sort | co sub 2 sub and ch sub 4 sub emission factors from light duty vehicles by fuel types in thailand |
| topic | emission factor greenhouse gas CO<sub>2</sub> CH<sub>4</sub> fuel type driving speed |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/10/1588 |
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