| Summary: | Bacterial extracellular membrane vesicles (EMVs) are membrane-bound particles released during cell growth by a variety of microorganisms, among which are cold-adapted bacteria. <i>Shewanella vesiculosa</i> HM13, a cold-adapted Gram-negative bacterium isolated from the intestine of a horse mackerel, is able to produce a large amount of EMVs. <i>S. vesiculosa</i> HM13 has been found to include a cargo protein, P49, in the EMVs, but the entire mechanism in which P49 is preferentially included in the vesicles has still not been completely deciphered. Given these premises, and since the structural study of the components of the EMVs is crucial for deciphering the P49 transport mechanism, in this study the complete characterization of the lipooligosaccharide (LOS) isolated from the cells and from the EMVs of <i>S. vesiculosa</i> HM13 grown at 18 °C is reported. Both lipid A and core oligosaccharide have been characterized by chemical and spectroscopic methods.
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