Energy Consumption vs. Tensile Strength of Poly[methyl methacrylate] in Material Extrusion 3D Printing: The Impact of Six Control Settings
The energy efficiency of material extrusion additive manufacturing has a significant impact on the economics and environmental footprint of the process. Control parameters that ensure 3D-printed functional products of premium quality and mechanical strength are an established market-driven requireme...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/4/845 |
| _version_ | 1797618514622676992 |
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| author | Nectarios Vidakis Markos Petousis Nikolaos Mountakis Amalia Moutsopoulou Emmanuel Karapidakis |
| author_facet | Nectarios Vidakis Markos Petousis Nikolaos Mountakis Amalia Moutsopoulou Emmanuel Karapidakis |
| author_sort | Nectarios Vidakis |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The energy efficiency of material extrusion additive manufacturing has a significant impact on the economics and environmental footprint of the process. Control parameters that ensure 3D-printed functional products of premium quality and mechanical strength are an established market-driven requirement. To accomplish multiple objectives is challenging, especially for multi-purpose industrial polymers, such as the Poly[methyl methacrylate]. The current paper explores the contribution of six generic control factors (infill density, raster deposition angle, nozzle temperature, print speed, layer thickness, and bed temperature) to the energy performance of Poly[methyl methacrylate] over its mechanical performance. A five-level L25 Taguchi orthogonal array was composed, with five replicas, involving 135 experiments. The 3D printing time and the electrical consumption were documented with the stopwatch approach. The tensile strength, modulus, and toughness were experimentally obtained. The raster deposition angle and the printing speed were the first and second most influential control parameters on tensile strength. Layer thickness and printing speed were the corresponding ones for the energy consumption. Quadratic regression model equations for each response metric over the six control parameters were compiled and validated. Thus, the best compromise between energy efficiency and mechanical strength is achievable, and a tool creates significant value for engineering applications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:14:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6a38cb340102473f8921d2b2bab25c85 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:14:50Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-6a38cb340102473f8921d2b2bab25c852023-11-16T22:50:45ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602023-02-0115484510.3390/polym15040845Energy Consumption vs. Tensile Strength of Poly[methyl methacrylate] in Material Extrusion 3D Printing: The Impact of Six Control SettingsNectarios Vidakis0Markos Petousis1Nikolaos Mountakis2Amalia Moutsopoulou3Emmanuel Karapidakis4Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, GreeceDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, GreeceDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, GreeceDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, GreeceElectrical and Computer Engineering Department, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, GreeceThe energy efficiency of material extrusion additive manufacturing has a significant impact on the economics and environmental footprint of the process. Control parameters that ensure 3D-printed functional products of premium quality and mechanical strength are an established market-driven requirement. To accomplish multiple objectives is challenging, especially for multi-purpose industrial polymers, such as the Poly[methyl methacrylate]. The current paper explores the contribution of six generic control factors (infill density, raster deposition angle, nozzle temperature, print speed, layer thickness, and bed temperature) to the energy performance of Poly[methyl methacrylate] over its mechanical performance. A five-level L25 Taguchi orthogonal array was composed, with five replicas, involving 135 experiments. The 3D printing time and the electrical consumption were documented with the stopwatch approach. The tensile strength, modulus, and toughness were experimentally obtained. The raster deposition angle and the printing speed were the first and second most influential control parameters on tensile strength. Layer thickness and printing speed were the corresponding ones for the energy consumption. Quadratic regression model equations for each response metric over the six control parameters were compiled and validated. Thus, the best compromise between energy efficiency and mechanical strength is achievable, and a tool creates significant value for engineering applications.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/4/845Poly[methyl methacrylate] (PMMA)optimizationmaterial extrusion (MEX)energy consumptionenergy efficiencycompressive strength |
| spellingShingle | Nectarios Vidakis Markos Petousis Nikolaos Mountakis Amalia Moutsopoulou Emmanuel Karapidakis Energy Consumption vs. Tensile Strength of Poly[methyl methacrylate] in Material Extrusion 3D Printing: The Impact of Six Control Settings Polymers Poly[methyl methacrylate] (PMMA) optimization material extrusion (MEX) energy consumption energy efficiency compressive strength |
| title | Energy Consumption vs. Tensile Strength of Poly[methyl methacrylate] in Material Extrusion 3D Printing: The Impact of Six Control Settings |
| title_full | Energy Consumption vs. Tensile Strength of Poly[methyl methacrylate] in Material Extrusion 3D Printing: The Impact of Six Control Settings |
| title_fullStr | Energy Consumption vs. Tensile Strength of Poly[methyl methacrylate] in Material Extrusion 3D Printing: The Impact of Six Control Settings |
| title_full_unstemmed | Energy Consumption vs. Tensile Strength of Poly[methyl methacrylate] in Material Extrusion 3D Printing: The Impact of Six Control Settings |
| title_short | Energy Consumption vs. Tensile Strength of Poly[methyl methacrylate] in Material Extrusion 3D Printing: The Impact of Six Control Settings |
| title_sort | energy consumption vs tensile strength of poly methyl methacrylate in material extrusion 3d printing the impact of six control settings |
| topic | Poly[methyl methacrylate] (PMMA) optimization material extrusion (MEX) energy consumption energy efficiency compressive strength |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/4/845 |
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