Sex Differences in Supplement Intake in Recreational Endurance Runners—Results from the NURMI Study (Step 2)
It has been well-documented that female and male athletes differ in many physiological and psychological characteristics related to endurance performance. This sex-based difference appears to be associated with their nutritional demands including the patterns of supplement intake. However, there is...
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MDPI AG
2021-08-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/8/2776 |
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| author | Katharina Wirnitzer Mohamad Motevalli Derrick R. Tanous Martina Gregori Gerold Wirnitzer Claus Leitzmann Thomas Rosemann Beat Knechtle |
| author_facet | Katharina Wirnitzer Mohamad Motevalli Derrick R. Tanous Martina Gregori Gerold Wirnitzer Claus Leitzmann Thomas Rosemann Beat Knechtle |
| author_sort | Katharina Wirnitzer |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | It has been well-documented that female and male athletes differ in many physiological and psychological characteristics related to endurance performance. This sex-based difference appears to be associated with their nutritional demands including the patterns of supplement intake. However, there is a paucity of research addressing the sex differences in supplement intake amongst distance runners. The present study aimed to investigate and compare supplement intake between female and male distance runners (10 km, half-marathon, (ultra-)marathon) and the potential associations with diet type and race distance. A total of 317 runners participated in an online survey, and 220 distance runners (127 females and 93 males) made up the final sample after a multi-stage data clearance. Participants were also assigned to dietary (omnivorous, vegetarian, vegan) and race distance (10-km, half-marathon, marathon/ultra-marathon) subgroups. Sociodemographic characteristics and the patterns of supplement intake including type, frequency, dosage, and brands were collected using a questionnaire. One-way ANOVA and logistic regression were used for data analysis. A total of 54.3% of female runners and 47.3% male runners reported consuming supplements regularly. The frequency of supplement intake was similar between females and males (generally or across dietary and distance subgroups). There was no significant relationship for sex alone or sex interactions with diet type and race distance on supplement intake (<i>p</i> < 0.05). However, a non-significant higher intake of vitamin and mineral (but not CHO/protein) supplements was reported by vegan and vegetarian (but not by omnivorous) females compared to their male counterparts. In summary, despite the reported findings, sex could not be considered as a strong modulator of supplement intake among different groups of endurance runners. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:30:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6a48800ddc304649af4ade96d9082ec3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:30:15Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-6a48800ddc304649af4ade96d9082ec32023-11-22T09:05:56ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432021-08-01138277610.3390/nu13082776Sex Differences in Supplement Intake in Recreational Endurance Runners—Results from the NURMI Study (Step 2)Katharina Wirnitzer0Mohamad Motevalli1Derrick R. Tanous2Martina Gregori3Gerold Wirnitzer4Claus Leitzmann5Thomas Rosemann6Beat Knechtle7Department of Subject Didactics and Educational Research and Development, University College of Teacher Education Tyrol, 6010 Innsbruck, AustriaDepartment of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, AustriaDepartment of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, AustriaDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, AustriaAdventureV & Change2V, 6135 Stans, AustriaInstitute of Nutrition, University of Gießen, 35390 Gießen, GermanyInstitute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, SwitzerlandInstitute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, SwitzerlandIt has been well-documented that female and male athletes differ in many physiological and psychological characteristics related to endurance performance. This sex-based difference appears to be associated with their nutritional demands including the patterns of supplement intake. However, there is a paucity of research addressing the sex differences in supplement intake amongst distance runners. The present study aimed to investigate and compare supplement intake between female and male distance runners (10 km, half-marathon, (ultra-)marathon) and the potential associations with diet type and race distance. A total of 317 runners participated in an online survey, and 220 distance runners (127 females and 93 males) made up the final sample after a multi-stage data clearance. Participants were also assigned to dietary (omnivorous, vegetarian, vegan) and race distance (10-km, half-marathon, marathon/ultra-marathon) subgroups. Sociodemographic characteristics and the patterns of supplement intake including type, frequency, dosage, and brands were collected using a questionnaire. One-way ANOVA and logistic regression were used for data analysis. A total of 54.3% of female runners and 47.3% male runners reported consuming supplements regularly. The frequency of supplement intake was similar between females and males (generally or across dietary and distance subgroups). There was no significant relationship for sex alone or sex interactions with diet type and race distance on supplement intake (<i>p</i> < 0.05). However, a non-significant higher intake of vitamin and mineral (but not CHO/protein) supplements was reported by vegan and vegetarian (but not by omnivorous) females compared to their male counterparts. In summary, despite the reported findings, sex could not be considered as a strong modulator of supplement intake among different groups of endurance runners.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/8/2776gender differencessupplementergogenic aidsendurancerunningathletes |
| spellingShingle | Katharina Wirnitzer Mohamad Motevalli Derrick R. Tanous Martina Gregori Gerold Wirnitzer Claus Leitzmann Thomas Rosemann Beat Knechtle Sex Differences in Supplement Intake in Recreational Endurance Runners—Results from the NURMI Study (Step 2) Nutrients gender differences supplement ergogenic aids endurance running athletes |
| title | Sex Differences in Supplement Intake in Recreational Endurance Runners—Results from the NURMI Study (Step 2) |
| title_full | Sex Differences in Supplement Intake in Recreational Endurance Runners—Results from the NURMI Study (Step 2) |
| title_fullStr | Sex Differences in Supplement Intake in Recreational Endurance Runners—Results from the NURMI Study (Step 2) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sex Differences in Supplement Intake in Recreational Endurance Runners—Results from the NURMI Study (Step 2) |
| title_short | Sex Differences in Supplement Intake in Recreational Endurance Runners—Results from the NURMI Study (Step 2) |
| title_sort | sex differences in supplement intake in recreational endurance runners results from the nurmi study step 2 |
| topic | gender differences supplement ergogenic aids endurance running athletes |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/8/2776 |
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