The role of exosomal transport of viral agents in persistent HIV pathogenesis
Abstract Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, despite great advances in antiretroviral therapy, remains a lifelong affliction. Though current treatment regimens can effectively suppress viral load to undetectable levels and preserve healthy immune function, they cannot fully alleviate all s...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2018-12-01
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| Series: | Retrovirology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12977-018-0462-x |
| _version_ | 1818321320712077312 |
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| author | Benjamin J. Patters Santosh Kumar |
| author_facet | Benjamin J. Patters Santosh Kumar |
| author_sort | Benjamin J. Patters |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, despite great advances in antiretroviral therapy, remains a lifelong affliction. Though current treatment regimens can effectively suppress viral load to undetectable levels and preserve healthy immune function, they cannot fully alleviate all symptoms caused by the presence of the virus, such as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. Exosomes are small vesicles that transport cellular proteins, RNA, and small molecules between cells as a mechanism of intercellular communication. Recent research has shown that HIV proteins and RNA can be packaged into exosomes and transported between cells, to pathogenic effect. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the diverse mechanisms involved in the sorting of viral elements into exosomes and the damage those exosomal agents can inflict. In addition, potential therapeutic options to counteract exosome-mediated HIV pathogenesis are reviewed and considered. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T10:39:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6a4a90f3e6ba4280919eef876dbd0637 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1742-4690 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T10:39:02Z |
| publishDate | 2018-12-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Retrovirology |
| spelling | doaj.art-6a4a90f3e6ba4280919eef876dbd06372022-12-21T23:50:38ZengBMCRetrovirology1742-46902018-12-0115111310.1186/s12977-018-0462-xThe role of exosomal transport of viral agents in persistent HIV pathogenesisBenjamin J. Patters0Santosh Kumar1Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science CenterPharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science CenterAbstract Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, despite great advances in antiretroviral therapy, remains a lifelong affliction. Though current treatment regimens can effectively suppress viral load to undetectable levels and preserve healthy immune function, they cannot fully alleviate all symptoms caused by the presence of the virus, such as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. Exosomes are small vesicles that transport cellular proteins, RNA, and small molecules between cells as a mechanism of intercellular communication. Recent research has shown that HIV proteins and RNA can be packaged into exosomes and transported between cells, to pathogenic effect. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the diverse mechanisms involved in the sorting of viral elements into exosomes and the damage those exosomal agents can inflict. In addition, potential therapeutic options to counteract exosome-mediated HIV pathogenesis are reviewed and considered.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12977-018-0462-xExosomeHIVHANDTetraspaninESCRT |
| spellingShingle | Benjamin J. Patters Santosh Kumar The role of exosomal transport of viral agents in persistent HIV pathogenesis Retrovirology Exosome HIV HAND Tetraspanin ESCRT |
| title | The role of exosomal transport of viral agents in persistent HIV pathogenesis |
| title_full | The role of exosomal transport of viral agents in persistent HIV pathogenesis |
| title_fullStr | The role of exosomal transport of viral agents in persistent HIV pathogenesis |
| title_full_unstemmed | The role of exosomal transport of viral agents in persistent HIV pathogenesis |
| title_short | The role of exosomal transport of viral agents in persistent HIV pathogenesis |
| title_sort | role of exosomal transport of viral agents in persistent hiv pathogenesis |
| topic | Exosome HIV HAND Tetraspanin ESCRT |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12977-018-0462-x |
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