Smokeless tobacco and oral cancer in the Middle East and North Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Introduction Cancer of the oral cavity is regarded lethal with a fairly low mean 5-year survival rate. The current systematic review and meta-analysis is the first of its kind to examine, if the evidence from the Middle East and North African region indicates an association between oral cancer and t...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
European Publishing
2019-07-01
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| Series: | Tobacco Induced Diseases |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.journalssystem.com/tid/Smokeless-tobacco-and-oral-cancer-in-the-Middle-East-and-North-Africa-A-systematic,110259,0,2.html |
| _version_ | 1811273611117330432 |
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| author | Mir Faeq Ali Quadri Santosh Kumar Tadakamadla Tenny John |
| author_facet | Mir Faeq Ali Quadri Santosh Kumar Tadakamadla Tenny John |
| author_sort | Mir Faeq Ali Quadri |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction
Cancer of the oral cavity is regarded lethal with a fairly low mean
5-year survival rate. The current systematic review and meta-analysis is the first
of its kind to examine, if the evidence from the Middle East and North African
region indicates an association between oral cancer and tobacco; and evaluates
the quality of the evidence that portrays this relationship.
Methods
A search for articles was carried out in October 2017 and then crosschecked
at the end of June 2018 using Medline, Web of Science, CINAHL, and
Cochrane databases. Retrieved articles were later subjected to eligibility criteria.
The search was not limited to any particular research design adopted by the
investigators. However, dissertations, theses and opinion-based reviews generated
from the search were excluded during the screening of titles and abstracts. Quality
of included studies was determined objectively (Newcastle Ottawa Scale) and
subjectively. Revman (Version 5.3) was used for conducting the meta-analysis.
Results
Six studies satisfied the selection criteria of the current review. The New
Castle Ottawa evaluation scale suggested that the three cross-sectional studies and
the three case-control studies included in the current review were of relatively
low to moderate quality. All included studies explored the association of only one
form of smokeless tobacco, i.e. shammah. Three case-control studies revealed a
pooled estimate odds ratio of 38.74 (95% CI: 19.50–76.96), indicating that the
odds for the occurrence of oral cancer among shammah users were nearly 39
times higher compared to the non-users.
Conclusions
Shammah is a potential risk factor for oral cancer; thus, it is necessary
that public health practitioners design and implement effective strategies to
prevent the abuse of shammah. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T23:02:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6a51efdb0f26444f9bd99f76309c3d71 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1617-9625 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T23:02:32Z |
| publishDate | 2019-07-01 |
| publisher | European Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Tobacco Induced Diseases |
| spelling | doaj.art-6a51efdb0f26444f9bd99f76309c3d712022-12-22T03:13:01ZengEuropean PublishingTobacco Induced Diseases1617-96252019-07-0117July10.18332/tid/110259110259Smokeless tobacco and oral cancer in the Middle East and North Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysisMir Faeq Ali Quadri0Santosh Kumar Tadakamadla1Tenny John2Faculty of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi ArabiaSchool of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Southport, AustraliaFaculty of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi ArabiaIntroduction Cancer of the oral cavity is regarded lethal with a fairly low mean 5-year survival rate. The current systematic review and meta-analysis is the first of its kind to examine, if the evidence from the Middle East and North African region indicates an association between oral cancer and tobacco; and evaluates the quality of the evidence that portrays this relationship. Methods A search for articles was carried out in October 2017 and then crosschecked at the end of June 2018 using Medline, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Cochrane databases. Retrieved articles were later subjected to eligibility criteria. The search was not limited to any particular research design adopted by the investigators. However, dissertations, theses and opinion-based reviews generated from the search were excluded during the screening of titles and abstracts. Quality of included studies was determined objectively (Newcastle Ottawa Scale) and subjectively. Revman (Version 5.3) was used for conducting the meta-analysis. Results Six studies satisfied the selection criteria of the current review. The New Castle Ottawa evaluation scale suggested that the three cross-sectional studies and the three case-control studies included in the current review were of relatively low to moderate quality. All included studies explored the association of only one form of smokeless tobacco, i.e. shammah. Three case-control studies revealed a pooled estimate odds ratio of 38.74 (95% CI: 19.50–76.96), indicating that the odds for the occurrence of oral cancer among shammah users were nearly 39 times higher compared to the non-users. Conclusions Shammah is a potential risk factor for oral cancer; thus, it is necessary that public health practitioners design and implement effective strategies to prevent the abuse of shammah.http://www.journalssystem.com/tid/Smokeless-tobacco-and-oral-cancer-in-the-Middle-East-and-North-Africa-A-systematic,110259,0,2.htmlsystematic reviewmeta-analysissmokeless tobaccooral cancershammah |
| spellingShingle | Mir Faeq Ali Quadri Santosh Kumar Tadakamadla Tenny John Smokeless tobacco and oral cancer in the Middle East and North Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis Tobacco Induced Diseases systematic review meta-analysis smokeless tobacco oral cancer shammah |
| title | Smokeless tobacco and oral cancer in the Middle East and
North Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_full | Smokeless tobacco and oral cancer in the Middle East and
North Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_fullStr | Smokeless tobacco and oral cancer in the Middle East and
North Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Smokeless tobacco and oral cancer in the Middle East and
North Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_short | Smokeless tobacco and oral cancer in the Middle East and
North Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_sort | smokeless tobacco and oral cancer in the middle east and north africa a systematic review and meta analysis |
| topic | systematic review meta-analysis smokeless tobacco oral cancer shammah |
| url | http://www.journalssystem.com/tid/Smokeless-tobacco-and-oral-cancer-in-the-Middle-East-and-North-Africa-A-systematic,110259,0,2.html |
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