Are Healthcare Expenditures Related to Economic Growth in China? Bootstrap ARDL Approach
This study attempts to investigate whether healthcare expenditures (HCE) are related to economic growth in China using a newly developed Bootstrap autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) test for China over the period of 1990–2019. To avoid omitted variable bias, we use the ratio of the population of...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Public Health |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2021.766091/full |
| _version_ | 1818279279551578112 |
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| author | Yu-Cheng Chang Tsangyao Chang Mei-Chih Wang |
| author_facet | Yu-Cheng Chang Tsangyao Chang Mei-Chih Wang |
| author_sort | Yu-Cheng Chang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study attempts to investigate whether healthcare expenditures (HCE) are related to economic growth in China using a newly developed Bootstrap autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) test for China over the period of 1990–2019. To avoid omitted variable bias, we use the ratio of the population of 65 years old over the total population (aging ratio) as a control variable. Empirical result indicates that no cointegration among these three variables. Granger causality test based on Bootstrap ARDL model demonstrates that one-way Granger causality running from HCE to aging ratio and from economic growth to both HCE and aging ratio. Empirical results have important policy implications for China understudy |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T23:30:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6a52a9019cb547009c57e0f9ef48d77c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-2565 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T23:30:48Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Public Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-6a52a9019cb547009c57e0f9ef48d77c2022-12-22T00:07:47ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Public Health2296-25652022-02-01910.3389/fpubh.2021.766091766091Are Healthcare Expenditures Related to Economic Growth in China? Bootstrap ARDL ApproachYu-Cheng Chang0Tsangyao Chang1Mei-Chih Wang2Department of Leisure and Recreation Management, Asia University, Taichung, TaiwanDepartment of Finance, Feng Chia University, Taichung, TaiwanChinese Social and Management Studies, Tung Hai University, Taichung, TaiwanThis study attempts to investigate whether healthcare expenditures (HCE) are related to economic growth in China using a newly developed Bootstrap autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) test for China over the period of 1990–2019. To avoid omitted variable bias, we use the ratio of the population of 65 years old over the total population (aging ratio) as a control variable. Empirical result indicates that no cointegration among these three variables. Granger causality test based on Bootstrap ARDL model demonstrates that one-way Granger causality running from HCE to aging ratio and from economic growth to both HCE and aging ratio. Empirical results have important policy implications for China understudyhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2021.766091/fullaging ratiobootstrap ARDL bound testhealth care expenditureseconomic growthGranger causality test |
| spellingShingle | Yu-Cheng Chang Tsangyao Chang Mei-Chih Wang Are Healthcare Expenditures Related to Economic Growth in China? Bootstrap ARDL Approach Frontiers in Public Health aging ratio bootstrap ARDL bound test health care expenditures economic growth Granger causality test |
| title | Are Healthcare Expenditures Related to Economic Growth in China? Bootstrap ARDL Approach |
| title_full | Are Healthcare Expenditures Related to Economic Growth in China? Bootstrap ARDL Approach |
| title_fullStr | Are Healthcare Expenditures Related to Economic Growth in China? Bootstrap ARDL Approach |
| title_full_unstemmed | Are Healthcare Expenditures Related to Economic Growth in China? Bootstrap ARDL Approach |
| title_short | Are Healthcare Expenditures Related to Economic Growth in China? Bootstrap ARDL Approach |
| title_sort | are healthcare expenditures related to economic growth in china bootstrap ardl approach |
| topic | aging ratio bootstrap ARDL bound test health care expenditures economic growth Granger causality test |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2021.766091/full |
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