Tight control – decision-making during T cell-vascular endothelial cell interaction
Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) form the inner layer of blood vessels and exert crucial functions during immune reactions including coagulation, inflammation, and regulation of innate immunity. Importantly, ECs can interact with T cells in an antigen-specific, i.e. T cell receptor-dependent manner....
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2012-08-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fimmu.2012.00279/full |
| _version_ | 1819054013466804224 |
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| author | Burkhard eLudewig Sonja eFirner Lucas eOnder Veronika eNindl |
| author_facet | Burkhard eLudewig Sonja eFirner Lucas eOnder Veronika eNindl |
| author_sort | Burkhard eLudewig |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) form the inner layer of blood vessels and exert crucial functions during immune reactions including coagulation, inflammation, and regulation of innate immunity. Importantly, ECs can interact with T cells in an antigen-specific, i.e. T cell receptor-dependent manner. In this review, we will discuss EC actions and reactions during acute inflammation and focus on the interaction of T cells with ECs at two vascular sites: the high endothelial venule (HEV) of lymph nodes, and the vascular lesion during transplant vasculopathy (TV). HEVs are characterized by a highly active endothelium that produces chemoattracting factors and expresses adhesion molecules to facilitate transit of lymphocytes into the lymph node (LN) parenchyma. Yet, T cell-EC interaction at this anatomical location results neither in T cell activation nor tolerization. In contrast, the endothelium at sites of chronic inflammation, such as solid organ transplants, can promote T cell activation by upregulation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and costimulatory molecules. Importantly, a major function of ECs in inflamed tissues must be the maintenance of vascular integrity including the efficient attenuation of effector T cells that may damage the vascular bed. Thus, antigen-specific T cell-EC interaction is characterized by a tightly controlled balance between immunological ignorance, immune activation, and tolerization. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T12:44:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6a5c217089834889bc340cf0f50cc458 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T12:44:52Z |
| publishDate | 2012-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-6a5c217089834889bc340cf0f50cc4582022-12-21T19:03:41ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242012-08-01310.3389/fimmu.2012.0027931679Tight control – decision-making during T cell-vascular endothelial cell interactionBurkhard eLudewig0Sonja eFirner1Lucas eOnder2Veronika eNindl3Kantonal Hospital St. GallenKantonal Hospital St. GallenKantonal Hospital St. GallenKantonal Hospital St. GallenVascular endothelial cells (ECs) form the inner layer of blood vessels and exert crucial functions during immune reactions including coagulation, inflammation, and regulation of innate immunity. Importantly, ECs can interact with T cells in an antigen-specific, i.e. T cell receptor-dependent manner. In this review, we will discuss EC actions and reactions during acute inflammation and focus on the interaction of T cells with ECs at two vascular sites: the high endothelial venule (HEV) of lymph nodes, and the vascular lesion during transplant vasculopathy (TV). HEVs are characterized by a highly active endothelium that produces chemoattracting factors and expresses adhesion molecules to facilitate transit of lymphocytes into the lymph node (LN) parenchyma. Yet, T cell-EC interaction at this anatomical location results neither in T cell activation nor tolerization. In contrast, the endothelium at sites of chronic inflammation, such as solid organ transplants, can promote T cell activation by upregulation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and costimulatory molecules. Importantly, a major function of ECs in inflamed tissues must be the maintenance of vascular integrity including the efficient attenuation of effector T cells that may damage the vascular bed. Thus, antigen-specific T cell-EC interaction is characterized by a tightly controlled balance between immunological ignorance, immune activation, and tolerization.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fimmu.2012.00279/fullInflammationTransplantationCo-stimulationhigh endothelial venulesimmunological ignorance |
| spellingShingle | Burkhard eLudewig Sonja eFirner Lucas eOnder Veronika eNindl Tight control – decision-making during T cell-vascular endothelial cell interaction Frontiers in Immunology Inflammation Transplantation Co-stimulation high endothelial venules immunological ignorance |
| title | Tight control – decision-making during T cell-vascular endothelial cell interaction |
| title_full | Tight control – decision-making during T cell-vascular endothelial cell interaction |
| title_fullStr | Tight control – decision-making during T cell-vascular endothelial cell interaction |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tight control – decision-making during T cell-vascular endothelial cell interaction |
| title_short | Tight control – decision-making during T cell-vascular endothelial cell interaction |
| title_sort | tight control decision making during t cell vascular endothelial cell interaction |
| topic | Inflammation Transplantation Co-stimulation high endothelial venules immunological ignorance |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fimmu.2012.00279/full |
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