Breaking the Gingival Epithelial Barrier: Role of the Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Cytolethal Distending Toxin in Oral Infectious Disease
The Gram-negative bacterium Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is part of the HACEK group that causes infective endocarditis, a constituent of the oral flora that promotes some forms of periodontal disease and a member of the family of species that secrete a cytolethal distending toxin (Cdt). The...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2014-05-01
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| Series: | Cells |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/3/2/476 |
| _version_ | 1797715712543817728 |
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| author | Joseph M. DiRienzo |
| author_facet | Joseph M. DiRienzo |
| author_sort | Joseph M. DiRienzo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Gram-negative bacterium Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is part of the HACEK group that causes infective endocarditis, a constituent of the oral flora that promotes some forms of periodontal disease and a member of the family of species that secrete a cytolethal distending toxin (Cdt). The family of bacteria that express the cdt genes participate in diseases that involve the disruption of a mucosal or epithelial layer. In vitro studies have shown that human gingival epithelial cells (HGEC) are native targets of the Cdt that typically induces DNA damage that signals growth arrest at the G2/M interphase of the cell cycle. The gingival epithelium is an early line of defense in the oral cavity against microbial assault. When damaged, bacteria collectively gain entry into the underlying connective tissue where microbial products can affect processes and pathways in infiltrating inflammatory cells culminating in the destruction of the attachment apparatus of the tooth. One approach has been the use of an ex vivo gingival explant model to assess the effects of the Cdt on the morphology and integrity of the tissue. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of these studies and to critically examine the potential contribution of the Cdt to the breakdown of the protective gingival barrier. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T08:10:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6a5f960141cb40ecaaf6a2733b53a705 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T08:10:46Z |
| publishDate | 2014-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-6a5f960141cb40ecaaf6a2733b53a7052023-09-02T19:07:14ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092014-05-013247649910.3390/cells3020476cells3020476Breaking the Gingival Epithelial Barrier: Role of the Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Cytolethal Distending Toxin in Oral Infectious DiseaseJoseph M. DiRienzo0Department of Microbiology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 240 South 40th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USAThe Gram-negative bacterium Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is part of the HACEK group that causes infective endocarditis, a constituent of the oral flora that promotes some forms of periodontal disease and a member of the family of species that secrete a cytolethal distending toxin (Cdt). The family of bacteria that express the cdt genes participate in diseases that involve the disruption of a mucosal or epithelial layer. In vitro studies have shown that human gingival epithelial cells (HGEC) are native targets of the Cdt that typically induces DNA damage that signals growth arrest at the G2/M interphase of the cell cycle. The gingival epithelium is an early line of defense in the oral cavity against microbial assault. When damaged, bacteria collectively gain entry into the underlying connective tissue where microbial products can affect processes and pathways in infiltrating inflammatory cells culminating in the destruction of the attachment apparatus of the tooth. One approach has been the use of an ex vivo gingival explant model to assess the effects of the Cdt on the morphology and integrity of the tissue. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of these studies and to critically examine the potential contribution of the Cdt to the breakdown of the protective gingival barrier.http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/3/2/476Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitanscytolethal distending toxingingival epithelial cellsgingival epitheliumgingival fibroblastsperiodontal diseasetissue |
| spellingShingle | Joseph M. DiRienzo Breaking the Gingival Epithelial Barrier: Role of the Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Cytolethal Distending Toxin in Oral Infectious Disease Cells Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans cytolethal distending toxin gingival epithelial cells gingival epithelium gingival fibroblasts periodontal disease tissue |
| title | Breaking the Gingival Epithelial Barrier: Role of the Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Cytolethal Distending Toxin in Oral Infectious Disease |
| title_full | Breaking the Gingival Epithelial Barrier: Role of the Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Cytolethal Distending Toxin in Oral Infectious Disease |
| title_fullStr | Breaking the Gingival Epithelial Barrier: Role of the Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Cytolethal Distending Toxin in Oral Infectious Disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Breaking the Gingival Epithelial Barrier: Role of the Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Cytolethal Distending Toxin in Oral Infectious Disease |
| title_short | Breaking the Gingival Epithelial Barrier: Role of the Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Cytolethal Distending Toxin in Oral Infectious Disease |
| title_sort | breaking the gingival epithelial barrier role of the aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans cytolethal distending toxin in oral infectious disease |
| topic | Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans cytolethal distending toxin gingival epithelial cells gingival epithelium gingival fibroblasts periodontal disease tissue |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/3/2/476 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT josephmdirienzo breakingthegingivalepithelialbarrierroleoftheaggregatibacteractinomycetemcomitanscytolethaldistendingtoxininoralinfectiousdisease |