Beneficial Autophagic Activities, Mitochondrial Function, and Metabolic Phenotype Adaptations Promoted by High-Intensity Interval Training in a Rat Model
The effects of high-intensity interval (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on basal autophagy and mitochondrial function in cardiac and skeletal muscle and plasma metabolic phenotypes have not been clearly characterized. Here, we investigated how 10-weeks HIIT and MICT different...
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| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2018-05-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Physiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2018.00571/full |
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| author | Fang-Hui Li Fang-Hui Li Tao Li Jing-Yi Ai Lei Sun Zhu Min Rui Duan Ling Zhu Yan-ying Liu Timon Cheng-Yi Liu |
| author_facet | Fang-Hui Li Fang-Hui Li Tao Li Jing-Yi Ai Lei Sun Zhu Min Rui Duan Ling Zhu Yan-ying Liu Timon Cheng-Yi Liu |
| author_sort | Fang-Hui Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The effects of high-intensity interval (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on basal autophagy and mitochondrial function in cardiac and skeletal muscle and plasma metabolic phenotypes have not been clearly characterized. Here, we investigated how 10-weeks HIIT and MICT differentially modify basal autophagy and mitochondrial markers in cardiac and skeletal muscle and conducted an untargeted metabolomics study with proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy and multivariate statistical analysis of plasma metabolic phenotypes. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were separated into three groups: sedentary control (SED), MICT, and HIIT. Rats underwent evaluation of exercise performance, including exercise tolerance and grip strength, and blood lactate levels were measured immediately after an incremental exercise test. Plasma samples were analyzed by 1H NMR. The expression of autophagy and mitochondrial markers and autophagic flux (LC3II/LC3-I ratio) in cardiac, rectus femoris, and soleus muscle were analyzed by western blotting. Time to exhaustion and grip strength increased significantly following HIIT compared with that in both SED and MICT groups. Compared with those in the SED group, blood lactate level, and the expression of SDH, COX-IV, and SIRT3 significantly increased in rectus femoris and soleus muscle of both HIIT and MICT groups. Meanwhile, SDH and COX-IV content of cardiac muscle and COX-IV and SIRT3 content of rectus femoris and soleus muscle increased significantly following HIIT compared with that following MICT. The expression of LC3-II, ATG-3, and Beclin-1 and LC3II/LC3-I ratio were significantly increased only in soleus and cardiac muscle following HIIT. These data indicate that HIIT was more effective for improving physical performance and facilitating cardiac and skeletal muscle adaptations that increase mitochondrial function and basal autophagic activities. Moreover, 1H NMR spectroscopy and multivariate statistical analysis identified 11 metabolites in plasma, among which fine significantly and similarly changed after both HIIT and MICT, while BCAAs isoleucine, leucine, and valine and glutamine were changed only after HIIT. Together, these data indicate distinct differences in specific metabolites and autophagy and mitochondrial markers following HIIT vs. MICT and highlight the value of metabolomic analysis in providing more detailed insight into the metabolic adaptations to exercise training. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T18:56:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6a64db37969f4e63bd96362c7886dacc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-042X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T18:56:09Z |
| publishDate | 2018-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Physiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-6a64db37969f4e63bd96362c7886dacc2022-12-22T01:37:09ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Physiology1664-042X2018-05-01910.3389/fphys.2018.00571350911Beneficial Autophagic Activities, Mitochondrial Function, and Metabolic Phenotype Adaptations Promoted by High-Intensity Interval Training in a Rat ModelFang-Hui Li0Fang-Hui Li1Tao Li2Jing-Yi Ai3Lei Sun4Zhu Min5Rui Duan6Ling Zhu7Yan-ying Liu8Timon Cheng-Yi Liu9School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, ChinaSchool of Physical Education and Health, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, ChinaLaboratory of Laser Sports Medicine, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, ChinaSchool of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, ChinaSchool of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, ChinaSchool of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, ChinaLaboratory of Laser Sports Medicine, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, ChinaLaboratory of Laser Sports Medicine, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, ChinaSchool of Physical Education and Health, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, ChinaLaboratory of Laser Sports Medicine, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, ChinaThe effects of high-intensity interval (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on basal autophagy and mitochondrial function in cardiac and skeletal muscle and plasma metabolic phenotypes have not been clearly characterized. Here, we investigated how 10-weeks HIIT and MICT differentially modify basal autophagy and mitochondrial markers in cardiac and skeletal muscle and conducted an untargeted metabolomics study with proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy and multivariate statistical analysis of plasma metabolic phenotypes. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were separated into three groups: sedentary control (SED), MICT, and HIIT. Rats underwent evaluation of exercise performance, including exercise tolerance and grip strength, and blood lactate levels were measured immediately after an incremental exercise test. Plasma samples were analyzed by 1H NMR. The expression of autophagy and mitochondrial markers and autophagic flux (LC3II/LC3-I ratio) in cardiac, rectus femoris, and soleus muscle were analyzed by western blotting. Time to exhaustion and grip strength increased significantly following HIIT compared with that in both SED and MICT groups. Compared with those in the SED group, blood lactate level, and the expression of SDH, COX-IV, and SIRT3 significantly increased in rectus femoris and soleus muscle of both HIIT and MICT groups. Meanwhile, SDH and COX-IV content of cardiac muscle and COX-IV and SIRT3 content of rectus femoris and soleus muscle increased significantly following HIIT compared with that following MICT. The expression of LC3-II, ATG-3, and Beclin-1 and LC3II/LC3-I ratio were significantly increased only in soleus and cardiac muscle following HIIT. These data indicate that HIIT was more effective for improving physical performance and facilitating cardiac and skeletal muscle adaptations that increase mitochondrial function and basal autophagic activities. Moreover, 1H NMR spectroscopy and multivariate statistical analysis identified 11 metabolites in plasma, among which fine significantly and similarly changed after both HIIT and MICT, while BCAAs isoleucine, leucine, and valine and glutamine were changed only after HIIT. Together, these data indicate distinct differences in specific metabolites and autophagy and mitochondrial markers following HIIT vs. MICT and highlight the value of metabolomic analysis in providing more detailed insight into the metabolic adaptations to exercise training.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2018.00571/fullhigh-intensity interval trainingcontinuous trainingNMR spectroscopymetabolomicsexercise tolerance |
| spellingShingle | Fang-Hui Li Fang-Hui Li Tao Li Jing-Yi Ai Lei Sun Zhu Min Rui Duan Ling Zhu Yan-ying Liu Timon Cheng-Yi Liu Beneficial Autophagic Activities, Mitochondrial Function, and Metabolic Phenotype Adaptations Promoted by High-Intensity Interval Training in a Rat Model Frontiers in Physiology high-intensity interval training continuous training NMR spectroscopy metabolomics exercise tolerance |
| title | Beneficial Autophagic Activities, Mitochondrial Function, and Metabolic Phenotype Adaptations Promoted by High-Intensity Interval Training in a Rat Model |
| title_full | Beneficial Autophagic Activities, Mitochondrial Function, and Metabolic Phenotype Adaptations Promoted by High-Intensity Interval Training in a Rat Model |
| title_fullStr | Beneficial Autophagic Activities, Mitochondrial Function, and Metabolic Phenotype Adaptations Promoted by High-Intensity Interval Training in a Rat Model |
| title_full_unstemmed | Beneficial Autophagic Activities, Mitochondrial Function, and Metabolic Phenotype Adaptations Promoted by High-Intensity Interval Training in a Rat Model |
| title_short | Beneficial Autophagic Activities, Mitochondrial Function, and Metabolic Phenotype Adaptations Promoted by High-Intensity Interval Training in a Rat Model |
| title_sort | beneficial autophagic activities mitochondrial function and metabolic phenotype adaptations promoted by high intensity interval training in a rat model |
| topic | high-intensity interval training continuous training NMR spectroscopy metabolomics exercise tolerance |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2018.00571/full |
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