Heart Rate Performance Curve Is Dependent on Age, Sex, and Performance
Introduction: The Heart Rate Performance Curve (HRPC) is neither linear nor uniform and related to ß1-adrenoceptor sensitivity. As aging and exercise influence ß1-adrenoceptors we suggested age, sex and performance effects on the HRPC. Aim of the study was to examine the effects of aging on the defl...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-04-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Public Health |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00098/full |
| _version_ | 1819046081550352384 |
|---|---|
| author | Philipp Birnbaumer Heimo Traninger Andrea Borenich Markus Falgenhauer Robert Modre-Osprian Hanns Harpf Peter Hofmann |
| author_facet | Philipp Birnbaumer Heimo Traninger Andrea Borenich Markus Falgenhauer Robert Modre-Osprian Hanns Harpf Peter Hofmann |
| author_sort | Philipp Birnbaumer |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction: The Heart Rate Performance Curve (HRPC) is neither linear nor uniform and related to ß1-adrenoceptor sensitivity. As aging and exercise influence ß1-adrenoceptors we suggested age, sex and performance effects on the HRPC. Aim of the study was to examine the effects of aging on the deflection of the HRPC in maximal incremental cycle ergometer exercise (CE) in a large cohort of healthy subjects.Methods: Heart rate (HR) data of 2,980 men (51 ± 15 years) and 1,944 women (52 ± 14 years) were classified into age groups (≤20 up to >80 years). We analyzed age and performance (Plow 25%-quartile and Phigh 75%-quartile of age predicted power) effects on HRmax and on the degree (k) and the type (regular downward deflection k > 0.1, linear −0.1 ≤ k ≤ 0.1 and atypical upward deflection k < −0.1) of the HRPC.Results:k-values decreased significantly with age in men and women and were significantly higher in women. Atypical HRPC's increased by a linear trend from ≤20 to 70 years (m) respectively 80 years (w) from 10 to 43% (m) and 9 to 30% (w). HRmax of all age groups was lower in Plow and overall number of atypical HRPC's was 21% (m) and 16% (w) higher compared to Phigh.Conclusion: Aging increased the number of atypical HRPC's with upward deflection in CE tests, which influences exercise intensity prescription especially when using fixed percentages of HRmax. Changes in HRPC's were affected by sex and performance, where women generally and subjects with higher performance presented less atypical HRPC's even at older age. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T10:38:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6a6a614a409e4e0798406bb81a514571 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-2565 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T10:38:48Z |
| publishDate | 2020-04-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Public Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-6a6a614a409e4e0798406bb81a5145712022-12-21T19:06:59ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Public Health2296-25652020-04-01810.3389/fpubh.2020.00098528919Heart Rate Performance Curve Is Dependent on Age, Sex, and PerformancePhilipp Birnbaumer0Heimo Traninger1Andrea Borenich2Markus Falgenhauer3Robert Modre-Osprian4Hanns Harpf5Peter Hofmann6Exercise Physiology, Training & Training Therapy Research Group, Institute of Sports Science, University of Graz, Graz, AustriaZARG Centre for Outpatient Rehabilitation, Graz, AustriaDepartment of Production and Operations Management, University of Graz, Graz, AustriaCenter for Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Graz, AustriaCenter for Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Graz, AustriaZARG Centre for Outpatient Rehabilitation, Graz, AustriaExercise Physiology, Training & Training Therapy Research Group, Institute of Sports Science, University of Graz, Graz, AustriaIntroduction: The Heart Rate Performance Curve (HRPC) is neither linear nor uniform and related to ß1-adrenoceptor sensitivity. As aging and exercise influence ß1-adrenoceptors we suggested age, sex and performance effects on the HRPC. Aim of the study was to examine the effects of aging on the deflection of the HRPC in maximal incremental cycle ergometer exercise (CE) in a large cohort of healthy subjects.Methods: Heart rate (HR) data of 2,980 men (51 ± 15 years) and 1,944 women (52 ± 14 years) were classified into age groups (≤20 up to >80 years). We analyzed age and performance (Plow 25%-quartile and Phigh 75%-quartile of age predicted power) effects on HRmax and on the degree (k) and the type (regular downward deflection k > 0.1, linear −0.1 ≤ k ≤ 0.1 and atypical upward deflection k < −0.1) of the HRPC.Results:k-values decreased significantly with age in men and women and were significantly higher in women. Atypical HRPC's increased by a linear trend from ≤20 to 70 years (m) respectively 80 years (w) from 10 to 43% (m) and 9 to 30% (w). HRmax of all age groups was lower in Plow and overall number of atypical HRPC's was 21% (m) and 16% (w) higher compared to Phigh.Conclusion: Aging increased the number of atypical HRPC's with upward deflection in CE tests, which influences exercise intensity prescription especially when using fixed percentages of HRmax. Changes in HRPC's were affected by sex and performance, where women generally and subjects with higher performance presented less atypical HRPC's even at older age.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00098/fullheart rate deflectionß1-receptor sensitivityintensity prescriptionsex differencesmaximal heart rateaging |
| spellingShingle | Philipp Birnbaumer Heimo Traninger Andrea Borenich Markus Falgenhauer Robert Modre-Osprian Hanns Harpf Peter Hofmann Heart Rate Performance Curve Is Dependent on Age, Sex, and Performance Frontiers in Public Health heart rate deflection ß1-receptor sensitivity intensity prescription sex differences maximal heart rate aging |
| title | Heart Rate Performance Curve Is Dependent on Age, Sex, and Performance |
| title_full | Heart Rate Performance Curve Is Dependent on Age, Sex, and Performance |
| title_fullStr | Heart Rate Performance Curve Is Dependent on Age, Sex, and Performance |
| title_full_unstemmed | Heart Rate Performance Curve Is Dependent on Age, Sex, and Performance |
| title_short | Heart Rate Performance Curve Is Dependent on Age, Sex, and Performance |
| title_sort | heart rate performance curve is dependent on age sex and performance |
| topic | heart rate deflection ß1-receptor sensitivity intensity prescription sex differences maximal heart rate aging |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00098/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT philippbirnbaumer heartrateperformancecurveisdependentonagesexandperformance AT heimotraninger heartrateperformancecurveisdependentonagesexandperformance AT andreaborenich heartrateperformancecurveisdependentonagesexandperformance AT markusfalgenhauer heartrateperformancecurveisdependentonagesexandperformance AT robertmodreosprian heartrateperformancecurveisdependentonagesexandperformance AT hannsharpf heartrateperformancecurveisdependentonagesexandperformance AT peterhofmann heartrateperformancecurveisdependentonagesexandperformance |