The Personal Food Systems of Pre-Season NCAA Division 1 High-Contact, Low-Contact, and Non-Contact College Athletes
Previous research indicates that dietary habits may differ between athletes of different sports. In this cross-sectional study, we hypothesize meal frequency, food choices, and food preferences will significantly differ between contact types. The participants were athletes (<i>n</i> = 92...
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| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/11/3670 |
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| author | Jennifer Peluso Takudzwa A. Madzima Shefali Christopher Svetlana Nepocatych |
| author_facet | Jennifer Peluso Takudzwa A. Madzima Shefali Christopher Svetlana Nepocatych |
| author_sort | Jennifer Peluso |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Previous research indicates that dietary habits may differ between athletes of different sports. In this cross-sectional study, we hypothesize meal frequency, food choices, and food preferences will significantly differ between contact types. The participants were athletes (<i>n</i> = 92; men: <i>n</i> = 57, body fat percent (BF%): 14.8 ± 8.4%, body mass index (BMI): 25.5 ± 5.5 kg·m<sup>−2</sup>; women: <i>n</i> = 36, BF%: 26.7 ± 7.3%, BMI: 22.3 ± 2.7 kg·m<sup>−2</sup>) from high-contact (HCS), low-contact (LCS), and non-contact (NCS) sports. Meal frequency, food preference, and food choice questionnaires assessed factors influencing dietary habits. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measured lean body mass, fat mass, and body fat. A GLM multivariate analysis was used with significance accepted at <i>p</i> < 0.05. Significant body composition differences were observed between genders (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and among sports (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Dinner (83.7%), lunch (67.4%), and breakfast (55.4%) were the most frequently eaten meals, followed by evening snack (17.8%), afternoon snack (15.2%), and morning snack (8.7%). Greater preferences for starches were observed for HCS (<i>p</i> = 0.04; η<sup>2</sup> = 0.07) and for a greater preference for vegetables was found for NCS (<i>p</i> = 0.02; η<sup>2</sup> = 0.09). Significant differences also existed in the importance of health (<i>p</i> = 0.04; η<sup>2</sup> = 0.07), weight control (<i>p</i> = 0.05; η<sup>2</sup> = 0.11), natural content (<i>p</i> = 0.04; η<sup>2</sup> = 0.07), and price (<i>p</i> = 0.04; η<sup>2</sup> = 0.07). These results support our hypothesis that food choices and food preferences differ between contact types. This may help sports dieticians create more individualized nutrition programs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:11:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6a6bf37618374e858d2890a90f5c842c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:11:54Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
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| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-6a6bf37618374e858d2890a90f5c842c2023-11-23T00:44:05ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432021-10-011311367010.3390/nu13113670The Personal Food Systems of Pre-Season NCAA Division 1 High-Contact, Low-Contact, and Non-Contact College AthletesJennifer Peluso0Takudzwa A. Madzima1Shefali Christopher2Svetlana Nepocatych3Department of Exercise Science, Elon University, Elon, NC 27244, USADepartment of Exercise Science, Elon University, Elon, NC 27244, USADepartment of Physical Therapy Education, Elon University, Elon, NC 27244, USADepartment of Exercise Science, Elon University, Elon, NC 27244, USAPrevious research indicates that dietary habits may differ between athletes of different sports. In this cross-sectional study, we hypothesize meal frequency, food choices, and food preferences will significantly differ between contact types. The participants were athletes (<i>n</i> = 92; men: <i>n</i> = 57, body fat percent (BF%): 14.8 ± 8.4%, body mass index (BMI): 25.5 ± 5.5 kg·m<sup>−2</sup>; women: <i>n</i> = 36, BF%: 26.7 ± 7.3%, BMI: 22.3 ± 2.7 kg·m<sup>−2</sup>) from high-contact (HCS), low-contact (LCS), and non-contact (NCS) sports. Meal frequency, food preference, and food choice questionnaires assessed factors influencing dietary habits. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measured lean body mass, fat mass, and body fat. A GLM multivariate analysis was used with significance accepted at <i>p</i> < 0.05. Significant body composition differences were observed between genders (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and among sports (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Dinner (83.7%), lunch (67.4%), and breakfast (55.4%) were the most frequently eaten meals, followed by evening snack (17.8%), afternoon snack (15.2%), and morning snack (8.7%). Greater preferences for starches were observed for HCS (<i>p</i> = 0.04; η<sup>2</sup> = 0.07) and for a greater preference for vegetables was found for NCS (<i>p</i> = 0.02; η<sup>2</sup> = 0.09). Significant differences also existed in the importance of health (<i>p</i> = 0.04; η<sup>2</sup> = 0.07), weight control (<i>p</i> = 0.05; η<sup>2</sup> = 0.11), natural content (<i>p</i> = 0.04; η<sup>2</sup> = 0.07), and price (<i>p</i> = 0.04; η<sup>2</sup> = 0.07). These results support our hypothesis that food choices and food preferences differ between contact types. This may help sports dieticians create more individualized nutrition programs.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/11/3670contactquestionnairecross-sectional |
| spellingShingle | Jennifer Peluso Takudzwa A. Madzima Shefali Christopher Svetlana Nepocatych The Personal Food Systems of Pre-Season NCAA Division 1 High-Contact, Low-Contact, and Non-Contact College Athletes Nutrients contact questionnaire cross-sectional |
| title | The Personal Food Systems of Pre-Season NCAA Division 1 High-Contact, Low-Contact, and Non-Contact College Athletes |
| title_full | The Personal Food Systems of Pre-Season NCAA Division 1 High-Contact, Low-Contact, and Non-Contact College Athletes |
| title_fullStr | The Personal Food Systems of Pre-Season NCAA Division 1 High-Contact, Low-Contact, and Non-Contact College Athletes |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Personal Food Systems of Pre-Season NCAA Division 1 High-Contact, Low-Contact, and Non-Contact College Athletes |
| title_short | The Personal Food Systems of Pre-Season NCAA Division 1 High-Contact, Low-Contact, and Non-Contact College Athletes |
| title_sort | personal food systems of pre season ncaa division 1 high contact low contact and non contact college athletes |
| topic | contact questionnaire cross-sectional |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/11/3670 |
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