Toughened Bio-Polyamide 11 for Impact-Resistant Intraply Basalt/Flax Hybrid Composites
The automotive sector covers almost 40% of polyamide (PA) total demand. A suitable solution to improve the sustainability of this sector is the exploitation of PA matrices sourced from renewable origins, such as PA11, and their reinforcement with natural fibers such as vegetable flax and mineral bas...
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Macromol |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-6209/2/2/10 |
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| author | Claudia Sergi Libera Vitiello Pietro Russo Jacopo Tirillò Fabrizio Sarasini |
| author_facet | Claudia Sergi Libera Vitiello Pietro Russo Jacopo Tirillò Fabrizio Sarasini |
| author_sort | Claudia Sergi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The automotive sector covers almost 40% of polyamide (PA) total demand. A suitable solution to improve the sustainability of this sector is the exploitation of PA matrices sourced from renewable origins, such as PA11, and their reinforcement with natural fibers such as vegetable flax and mineral basalt. A preliminary study on the quasi-static properties of PA11-based composites reinforced with an intraply flax/basalt hybrid fabric demonstrated their feasibility for semi-structural purposes in the transportation field, but their application needs to be validated against dynamic loading. In this regard, this work investigated the low-velocity impact performance of PA11 flax/basalt hybrid composites (10 J, 20 J and 30 J) as a function of temperature (room temperature and +80 °C) and plasticizer addition (butyl-benzene-sulfonamide). The results proved that plasticized PA11 is endowed with a lower glass transition temperature (~15 °C, from DMA) and melting temperature (~10 °C, from DSC), which simplifies manufacturing and processing, but also possesses a higher toughness which delays penetration phenomena and reduces permanent indentation at room temperature between 20.5% and 42.8% depending on impact energy. The occurrence of matrix plasticization at +80 °C caused a more flexible and tougher response from the laminates with a decrease in linear stiffness and a delay in penetration phenomena which made the plasticizer effect less prominent. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:13:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6a710456cd9943f4aab33c69ebaaa27c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2673-6209 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:13:40Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Macromol |
| spelling | doaj.art-6a710456cd9943f4aab33c69ebaaa27c2023-11-23T17:40:04ZengMDPI AGMacromol2673-62092022-04-012215416710.3390/macromol2020010Toughened Bio-Polyamide 11 for Impact-Resistant Intraply Basalt/Flax Hybrid CompositesClaudia Sergi0Libera Vitiello1Pietro Russo2Jacopo Tirillò3Fabrizio Sarasini4Department of Chemical Engineering Materials Environment, Sapienza Università di Roma and UdR INSTM, 00184 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, ItalyInstitute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials—National Council of Research, 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, ItalyDepartment of Chemical Engineering Materials Environment, Sapienza Università di Roma and UdR INSTM, 00184 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Chemical Engineering Materials Environment, Sapienza Università di Roma and UdR INSTM, 00184 Rome, ItalyThe automotive sector covers almost 40% of polyamide (PA) total demand. A suitable solution to improve the sustainability of this sector is the exploitation of PA matrices sourced from renewable origins, such as PA11, and their reinforcement with natural fibers such as vegetable flax and mineral basalt. A preliminary study on the quasi-static properties of PA11-based composites reinforced with an intraply flax/basalt hybrid fabric demonstrated their feasibility for semi-structural purposes in the transportation field, but their application needs to be validated against dynamic loading. In this regard, this work investigated the low-velocity impact performance of PA11 flax/basalt hybrid composites (10 J, 20 J and 30 J) as a function of temperature (room temperature and +80 °C) and plasticizer addition (butyl-benzene-sulfonamide). The results proved that plasticized PA11 is endowed with a lower glass transition temperature (~15 °C, from DMA) and melting temperature (~10 °C, from DSC), which simplifies manufacturing and processing, but also possesses a higher toughness which delays penetration phenomena and reduces permanent indentation at room temperature between 20.5% and 42.8% depending on impact energy. The occurrence of matrix plasticization at +80 °C caused a more flexible and tougher response from the laminates with a decrease in linear stiffness and a delay in penetration phenomena which made the plasticizer effect less prominent.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-6209/2/2/10polyamide 11basaltflaxplasticizerlow-velocity impactpolymer matrix composites |
| spellingShingle | Claudia Sergi Libera Vitiello Pietro Russo Jacopo Tirillò Fabrizio Sarasini Toughened Bio-Polyamide 11 for Impact-Resistant Intraply Basalt/Flax Hybrid Composites Macromol polyamide 11 basalt flax plasticizer low-velocity impact polymer matrix composites |
| title | Toughened Bio-Polyamide 11 for Impact-Resistant Intraply Basalt/Flax Hybrid Composites |
| title_full | Toughened Bio-Polyamide 11 for Impact-Resistant Intraply Basalt/Flax Hybrid Composites |
| title_fullStr | Toughened Bio-Polyamide 11 for Impact-Resistant Intraply Basalt/Flax Hybrid Composites |
| title_full_unstemmed | Toughened Bio-Polyamide 11 for Impact-Resistant Intraply Basalt/Flax Hybrid Composites |
| title_short | Toughened Bio-Polyamide 11 for Impact-Resistant Intraply Basalt/Flax Hybrid Composites |
| title_sort | toughened bio polyamide 11 for impact resistant intraply basalt flax hybrid composites |
| topic | polyamide 11 basalt flax plasticizer low-velocity impact polymer matrix composites |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-6209/2/2/10 |
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