Characteristic Evaluation of Gas Chromatography with Different Detectors for Accurate Determination of Sulfur Hexafluoride
Sulfur hexafluoride (SF<sub>6</sub>), which survives in the atmosphere for an extremely long period of time, is the most potent greenhouse gas regulated under the Kyoto Protocol. So, the accurate monitoring of atmospheric SF<sub>6</sub> plays an important role in the study of...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/4/787 |
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| author | Susu Pan Tiqiang Zhang Guocheng Zhang Zhenqi Yang Duan Feng Zhikuan Zhou Xuelei Ning |
| author_facet | Susu Pan Tiqiang Zhang Guocheng Zhang Zhenqi Yang Duan Feng Zhikuan Zhou Xuelei Ning |
| author_sort | Susu Pan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Sulfur hexafluoride (SF<sub>6</sub>), which survives in the atmosphere for an extremely long period of time, is the most potent greenhouse gas regulated under the Kyoto Protocol. So, the accurate monitoring of atmospheric SF<sub>6</sub> plays an important role in the study of the control policies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The instruments for SF<sub>6</sub> measurement are typically calibrated using certified reference materials. The concentrations of the commercially available SF<sub>6</sub> reference materials usually have a broad range, from 1 μmol/mol to 6000 μmol/mol. Some characteristics including sensitivity, linear range, relative standard deviation, and accuracy are crucial for the determination of SF<sub>6</sub> in such a broad concentration range. Therefore, the selection of a proper detector for the accurate determination of SF<sub>6</sub> with such a broad range is extremely important to establish a gas chromatography (GC) method for developing SF<sub>6</sub> reference materials. In this paper, several typical GC methods with different detectors, including a thermal conductivity detector (TCD), a pulsed discharge helium ionization detector (PDHID), and a flame photometric detector (FPD), were carefully established for the accurate determination of SF<sub>6</sub> with different concentrations. The results show that an FPD detector has a relatively narrow linearity range, thus a quadratic equation should be established for building a calibration curve. The PDHID and TCD have good linearity with coefficients of 1.0000 in the concentration range of 10–100 μmol/mol (using a PDHID), and 100–1000 μmol/mol (using a TCD), respectively. Further considering the measurement errors of indication results, the PDHID is suitable for SF<sub>6</sub> measurement when the concentrations are below 100 μmol/mol, whereas the TCD is suitable for SF<sub>6</sub> measurement when the concentrations are over 100 μmol/mol. These results provide useful guidance in choosing an appropriate GC detector for the accurate determination of SF<sub>6</sub>, which are especially very helpful for developing SF<sub>6</sub> reference materials. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:19:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6a71c16deac842c6a2ee561e8916db81 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:19:51Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
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| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-6a71c16deac842c6a2ee561e8916db812024-02-23T15:28:52ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492024-02-0129478710.3390/molecules29040787Characteristic Evaluation of Gas Chromatography with Different Detectors for Accurate Determination of Sulfur HexafluorideSusu Pan0Tiqiang Zhang1Guocheng Zhang2Zhenqi Yang3Duan Feng4Zhikuan Zhou5Xuelei Ning6Division of Ecology Environment and Energy Resources, Beijing Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100012, ChinaCenter for Environmental Metrology, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, ChinaDivision of Ecology Environment and Energy Resources, Beijing Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100012, ChinaDivision of Ecology Environment and Energy Resources, Beijing Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100012, ChinaDivision of Ecology Environment and Energy Resources, Beijing Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100012, ChinaDivision of Ecology Environment and Energy Resources, Beijing Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100012, ChinaDivision of Ecology Environment and Energy Resources, Beijing Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100012, ChinaSulfur hexafluoride (SF<sub>6</sub>), which survives in the atmosphere for an extremely long period of time, is the most potent greenhouse gas regulated under the Kyoto Protocol. So, the accurate monitoring of atmospheric SF<sub>6</sub> plays an important role in the study of the control policies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The instruments for SF<sub>6</sub> measurement are typically calibrated using certified reference materials. The concentrations of the commercially available SF<sub>6</sub> reference materials usually have a broad range, from 1 μmol/mol to 6000 μmol/mol. Some characteristics including sensitivity, linear range, relative standard deviation, and accuracy are crucial for the determination of SF<sub>6</sub> in such a broad concentration range. Therefore, the selection of a proper detector for the accurate determination of SF<sub>6</sub> with such a broad range is extremely important to establish a gas chromatography (GC) method for developing SF<sub>6</sub> reference materials. In this paper, several typical GC methods with different detectors, including a thermal conductivity detector (TCD), a pulsed discharge helium ionization detector (PDHID), and a flame photometric detector (FPD), were carefully established for the accurate determination of SF<sub>6</sub> with different concentrations. The results show that an FPD detector has a relatively narrow linearity range, thus a quadratic equation should be established for building a calibration curve. The PDHID and TCD have good linearity with coefficients of 1.0000 in the concentration range of 10–100 μmol/mol (using a PDHID), and 100–1000 μmol/mol (using a TCD), respectively. Further considering the measurement errors of indication results, the PDHID is suitable for SF<sub>6</sub> measurement when the concentrations are below 100 μmol/mol, whereas the TCD is suitable for SF<sub>6</sub> measurement when the concentrations are over 100 μmol/mol. These results provide useful guidance in choosing an appropriate GC detector for the accurate determination of SF<sub>6</sub>, which are especially very helpful for developing SF<sub>6</sub> reference materials.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/4/787sulfur hexafluoridegreenhouse gasgas chromatographycertified reference materialcalibration curveanalytical accuracy |
| spellingShingle | Susu Pan Tiqiang Zhang Guocheng Zhang Zhenqi Yang Duan Feng Zhikuan Zhou Xuelei Ning Characteristic Evaluation of Gas Chromatography with Different Detectors for Accurate Determination of Sulfur Hexafluoride Molecules sulfur hexafluoride greenhouse gas gas chromatography certified reference material calibration curve analytical accuracy |
| title | Characteristic Evaluation of Gas Chromatography with Different Detectors for Accurate Determination of Sulfur Hexafluoride |
| title_full | Characteristic Evaluation of Gas Chromatography with Different Detectors for Accurate Determination of Sulfur Hexafluoride |
| title_fullStr | Characteristic Evaluation of Gas Chromatography with Different Detectors for Accurate Determination of Sulfur Hexafluoride |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characteristic Evaluation of Gas Chromatography with Different Detectors for Accurate Determination of Sulfur Hexafluoride |
| title_short | Characteristic Evaluation of Gas Chromatography with Different Detectors for Accurate Determination of Sulfur Hexafluoride |
| title_sort | characteristic evaluation of gas chromatography with different detectors for accurate determination of sulfur hexafluoride |
| topic | sulfur hexafluoride greenhouse gas gas chromatography certified reference material calibration curve analytical accuracy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/4/787 |
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