Origins and consequences of hyperosmolar stress in retinal pigmented epithelial cells
The retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) is, composed of retinal pigmented epithelial cells joined by tight junctions and, represents the outer blood-retinal barrier (BRB). The inner BRB is made of the endothelial cells joined by tight junctions and glial extensions surrounding all the retinal blood v...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2014-05-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Physiology |
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| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fphys.2014.00199/full |
| _version_ | 1818650962092359680 |
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| author | François eWillermain François eWillermain Sarah eLibert Sarah eLibert Elie eMotulsky Elie eMotulsky Dany eSalik Dany eSalik Laure eCaspers Jason ePerret Christine eDelporte |
| author_facet | François eWillermain François eWillermain Sarah eLibert Sarah eLibert Elie eMotulsky Elie eMotulsky Dany eSalik Dany eSalik Laure eCaspers Jason ePerret Christine eDelporte |
| author_sort | François eWillermain |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) is, composed of retinal pigmented epithelial cells joined by tight junctions and, represents the outer blood-retinal barrier (BRB). The inner BRB is made of the endothelial cells joined by tight junctions and glial extensions surrounding all the retinal blood vessels. One of the functions of the RPE is to maintain an osmotic transepithelial gradient created by ionic pumps and channels, and avoiding paracellular flux. Under such physiological conditions, transcellular water movement follows theis osmotic gradient and is flowingflows normally from the retina to the choroid through the RPE. Several diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy, are characterized by the BRB breakdown leading to leakage of solutes, proteins and fluid from the retina and the choroid. The prevailing hypothesis explaining macular edema formation during diabetic retinopathy relies onincriminates the inner BRB breakdown resulting in increased osmotic pressure leading in turn to massive water accumulation that can affect vision. Under these conditions, it has been hypothesized that RPE is likely to be exposed to hyperosmolar stress at its apical side. This review summarizes the origins and consequences of osmotic stress in the RPE. Ongoing and further research advances will clarify the mechanisms, at the molecular level, involved in the response of the RPE to osmotic stress and delineate potential novel therapeutic targets and tools. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T01:58:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6a77561b02a240b1957ba7fb4dd9aed8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-042X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T01:58:33Z |
| publishDate | 2014-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Physiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-6a77561b02a240b1957ba7fb4dd9aed82022-12-21T22:07:53ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Physiology1664-042X2014-05-01510.3389/fphys.2014.0019992841Origins and consequences of hyperosmolar stress in retinal pigmented epithelial cellsFrançois eWillermain0François eWillermain1Sarah eLibert2Sarah eLibert3Elie eMotulsky4Elie eMotulsky5Dany eSalik6Dany eSalik7Laure eCaspers8Jason ePerret9Christine eDelporte10CHU Saint Pierre and BrugmannUniversité Libre de BruxellesUniversité Libre de BruxellesCHU Saint Pierre and BrugmannUniversité Libre de BruxellesCHU Saint Pierre and BrugmannUniversité Libre de BruxellesCHU Saint Pierre and BrugmannCHU Saint Pierre and BrugmannUniversité Libre de BruxellesUniversité Libre de BruxellesThe retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) is, composed of retinal pigmented epithelial cells joined by tight junctions and, represents the outer blood-retinal barrier (BRB). The inner BRB is made of the endothelial cells joined by tight junctions and glial extensions surrounding all the retinal blood vessels. One of the functions of the RPE is to maintain an osmotic transepithelial gradient created by ionic pumps and channels, and avoiding paracellular flux. Under such physiological conditions, transcellular water movement follows theis osmotic gradient and is flowingflows normally from the retina to the choroid through the RPE. Several diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy, are characterized by the BRB breakdown leading to leakage of solutes, proteins and fluid from the retina and the choroid. The prevailing hypothesis explaining macular edema formation during diabetic retinopathy relies onincriminates the inner BRB breakdown resulting in increased osmotic pressure leading in turn to massive water accumulation that can affect vision. Under these conditions, it has been hypothesized that RPE is likely to be exposed to hyperosmolar stress at its apical side. This review summarizes the origins and consequences of osmotic stress in the RPE. Ongoing and further research advances will clarify the mechanisms, at the molecular level, involved in the response of the RPE to osmotic stress and delineate potential novel therapeutic targets and tools.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fphys.2014.00199/fullBlood-Retinal BarrierEdemaUveitisdiabetesage-related macular degenerationretinal pigmented epithelium |
| spellingShingle | François eWillermain François eWillermain Sarah eLibert Sarah eLibert Elie eMotulsky Elie eMotulsky Dany eSalik Dany eSalik Laure eCaspers Jason ePerret Christine eDelporte Origins and consequences of hyperosmolar stress in retinal pigmented epithelial cells Frontiers in Physiology Blood-Retinal Barrier Edema Uveitis diabetes age-related macular degeneration retinal pigmented epithelium |
| title | Origins and consequences of hyperosmolar stress in retinal pigmented epithelial cells |
| title_full | Origins and consequences of hyperosmolar stress in retinal pigmented epithelial cells |
| title_fullStr | Origins and consequences of hyperosmolar stress in retinal pigmented epithelial cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Origins and consequences of hyperosmolar stress in retinal pigmented epithelial cells |
| title_short | Origins and consequences of hyperosmolar stress in retinal pigmented epithelial cells |
| title_sort | origins and consequences of hyperosmolar stress in retinal pigmented epithelial cells |
| topic | Blood-Retinal Barrier Edema Uveitis diabetes age-related macular degeneration retinal pigmented epithelium |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fphys.2014.00199/full |
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