| Summary: | Introduction and objectives: Implementation of a one-step strategy for diagnosis of active Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection would encourage the early diagnosis and reduce the time to access antiviral treatments. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a HCV one-step diagnosis compared to the traditional two-step protocol in terms of the time required for patients to be seen by specialists and the time taken to start antiviral treatment. Material and methods: A comparative study was carried out to assess two diagnostic algorithms (one-step and two-step) for active HCV infection. Serological markers were quantified using the same serum sample to determine both anti-HCV antibodies (HCV-Ab) and HCV core antigen (HCV-cAg) by Architect i2000 SR kit. In this period, a multidisciplinary procedure was started for telematics referral of viremic patients. Results: One-step approach reduced the time required for patient HCV diagnosis, referral to a specialist, access to treatment, and eliminated the loss of patients to follow-up. Significant differences were observed between one-step and two-step diagnosis methods in the time required for patients to be seen by a specialist (18 days [Interquartile range (IQR) = 14–42] versus 107 days [IQR = 62–148]) and for the initiation of treatment (54 days [IQR = 43–75] versus 200 days [IQR = 116–388]), mainly for patients with advanced fibrosis (35 days [IQR = 116–388] versus 126 days [IQR = 152–366]). Conclusions: Use of HCV-cAg has proven to be a useful tool for screening patients with active hepatitis C. The development of a multidisciplinary protocol for the communication of results improved the efficiency of the care process.
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