Fungicide Resistance Evolution and Detection in Plant Pathogens: <i>Plasmopara viticola</i> as a Case Study
The use of single-site fungicides to control plant pathogens in the agroecosystem can be associated with an increased selection of resistance. The evolution of resistance represents one of the biggest challenges in disease control. In vineyards, frequent applications of fungicides are carried out ev...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/1/119 |
| _version_ | 1797415695346040832 |
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| author | Federico Massi Stefano F. F. Torriani Lorenzo Borghi Silvia L. Toffolatti |
| author_facet | Federico Massi Stefano F. F. Torriani Lorenzo Borghi Silvia L. Toffolatti |
| author_sort | Federico Massi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The use of single-site fungicides to control plant pathogens in the agroecosystem can be associated with an increased selection of resistance. The evolution of resistance represents one of the biggest challenges in disease control. In vineyards, frequent applications of fungicides are carried out every season for multiple years. The agronomic risk of developing fungicide resistance is, therefore, high. <i>Plasmopara viticola</i>, the causal agent of grapevine downy mildew, is a high risk pathogen associated with the development of fungicide resistance. <i>P. viticola</i> has developed resistance to most of the fungicide classes used and constitutes one of the most important threats for grapevine production. The goals of this review are to describe fungicide resistance evolution in <i>P. viticola</i> populations and how to conduct proper monitoring activities. Different methods have been developed for phenotyping and genotyping <i>P. viticola</i> for fungicide resistance and the different phases of resistance evolution and life cycles of the pathogen are discussed, to provide a full monitoring toolkit to limit the spread of resistance. A detailed revision of the available tools will help in shaping and harmonizing the monitoring activities between countries and organizations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:53:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6a7f7b3864f1442b9260550108e31f40 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:53:13Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-6a7f7b3864f1442b9260550108e31f402023-12-03T12:15:55ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072021-01-019111910.3390/microorganisms9010119Fungicide Resistance Evolution and Detection in Plant Pathogens: <i>Plasmopara viticola</i> as a Case StudyFederico Massi0Stefano F. F. Torriani1Lorenzo Borghi2Silvia L. Toffolatti3Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, ItalySyngenta Crop Protection Münchwilen AG, 4334 Stein, SwitzerlandSyngenta Crop Protection Münchwilen AG, 4334 Stein, SwitzerlandDipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, ItalyThe use of single-site fungicides to control plant pathogens in the agroecosystem can be associated with an increased selection of resistance. The evolution of resistance represents one of the biggest challenges in disease control. In vineyards, frequent applications of fungicides are carried out every season for multiple years. The agronomic risk of developing fungicide resistance is, therefore, high. <i>Plasmopara viticola</i>, the causal agent of grapevine downy mildew, is a high risk pathogen associated with the development of fungicide resistance. <i>P. viticola</i> has developed resistance to most of the fungicide classes used and constitutes one of the most important threats for grapevine production. The goals of this review are to describe fungicide resistance evolution in <i>P. viticola</i> populations and how to conduct proper monitoring activities. Different methods have been developed for phenotyping and genotyping <i>P. viticola</i> for fungicide resistance and the different phases of resistance evolution and life cycles of the pathogen are discussed, to provide a full monitoring toolkit to limit the spread of resistance. A detailed revision of the available tools will help in shaping and harmonizing the monitoring activities between countries and organizations.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/1/119grapevinedowny mildewoomycetefungicide resistance |
| spellingShingle | Federico Massi Stefano F. F. Torriani Lorenzo Borghi Silvia L. Toffolatti Fungicide Resistance Evolution and Detection in Plant Pathogens: <i>Plasmopara viticola</i> as a Case Study Microorganisms grapevine downy mildew oomycete fungicide resistance |
| title | Fungicide Resistance Evolution and Detection in Plant Pathogens: <i>Plasmopara viticola</i> as a Case Study |
| title_full | Fungicide Resistance Evolution and Detection in Plant Pathogens: <i>Plasmopara viticola</i> as a Case Study |
| title_fullStr | Fungicide Resistance Evolution and Detection in Plant Pathogens: <i>Plasmopara viticola</i> as a Case Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fungicide Resistance Evolution and Detection in Plant Pathogens: <i>Plasmopara viticola</i> as a Case Study |
| title_short | Fungicide Resistance Evolution and Detection in Plant Pathogens: <i>Plasmopara viticola</i> as a Case Study |
| title_sort | fungicide resistance evolution and detection in plant pathogens i plasmopara viticola i as a case study |
| topic | grapevine downy mildew oomycete fungicide resistance |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/1/119 |
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