Characteristics of Locally Occurring High PM<sub>2.5</sub> Concentration Episodes in a Small City in South Korea
In this study, the ionic and carbonaceous compounds in PM<sub>2.5</sub> were analysed in the small residential city of Chuncheon, Korea. To identify the local sources that substantially influence PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations, the samples were divided into two groups: sampl...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Atmosphere |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/1/86 |
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| author | Su-Yeon Choi Sung-Won Park Jin-Yeo Byun Young-Ji Han |
| author_facet | Su-Yeon Choi Sung-Won Park Jin-Yeo Byun Young-Ji Han |
| author_sort | Su-Yeon Choi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study, the ionic and carbonaceous compounds in PM<sub>2.5</sub> were analysed in the small residential city of Chuncheon, Korea. To identify the local sources that substantially influence PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations, the samples were divided into two groups: samples with PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations higher than those in the upwind metropolitan area (Seoul) and samples with lower PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations. During the sampling period (December 2016–August 2018), the average PM<sub>2.5</sub> was 23.2 μg m<sup>−3</sup>, which exceeds the annual national ambient air quality standard (15 μg m<sup>−3</sup>). When the PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations were higher in Chuncheon than in Seoul, the organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) concentrations increased the most among all the PM<sub>2.5</sub> components measured in this study. This is attributable to secondary formation and biomass burning, because secondary OC was enhanced and water soluble OC was strongly correlated with K<sup>+</sup>, EC, and OC. A principal component analysis identified four factors contributing to PM<sub>2.5</sub>: fossil-fuel combustion, secondary inorganic and organic reactions in biomass burning plumes, crustal dust, and secondary NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> formation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:31:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6a8acd0e2afb4cc59ca5b5a9bfc21b0e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:31:19Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj.art-6a8acd0e2afb4cc59ca5b5a9bfc21b0e2023-12-03T12:32:15ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332021-01-011218610.3390/atmos12010086Characteristics of Locally Occurring High PM<sub>2.5</sub> Concentration Episodes in a Small City in South KoreaSu-Yeon Choi0Sung-Won Park1Jin-Yeo Byun2Young-Ji Han3Department of Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Environmental and Biomedical Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341, KoreaDepartment of Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Environmental and Biomedical Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341, KoreaDivision of Chemical Research, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, KoreaDepartment of Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341, KoreaIn this study, the ionic and carbonaceous compounds in PM<sub>2.5</sub> were analysed in the small residential city of Chuncheon, Korea. To identify the local sources that substantially influence PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations, the samples were divided into two groups: samples with PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations higher than those in the upwind metropolitan area (Seoul) and samples with lower PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations. During the sampling period (December 2016–August 2018), the average PM<sub>2.5</sub> was 23.2 μg m<sup>−3</sup>, which exceeds the annual national ambient air quality standard (15 μg m<sup>−3</sup>). When the PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations were higher in Chuncheon than in Seoul, the organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) concentrations increased the most among all the PM<sub>2.5</sub> components measured in this study. This is attributable to secondary formation and biomass burning, because secondary OC was enhanced and water soluble OC was strongly correlated with K<sup>+</sup>, EC, and OC. A principal component analysis identified four factors contributing to PM<sub>2.5</sub>: fossil-fuel combustion, secondary inorganic and organic reactions in biomass burning plumes, crustal dust, and secondary NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> formation.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/1/86PM<sub>2.5</sub>biomass burningsecondary formationwater soluble organic carbonprincipal component analysis |
| spellingShingle | Su-Yeon Choi Sung-Won Park Jin-Yeo Byun Young-Ji Han Characteristics of Locally Occurring High PM<sub>2.5</sub> Concentration Episodes in a Small City in South Korea Atmosphere PM<sub>2.5</sub> biomass burning secondary formation water soluble organic carbon principal component analysis |
| title | Characteristics of Locally Occurring High PM<sub>2.5</sub> Concentration Episodes in a Small City in South Korea |
| title_full | Characteristics of Locally Occurring High PM<sub>2.5</sub> Concentration Episodes in a Small City in South Korea |
| title_fullStr | Characteristics of Locally Occurring High PM<sub>2.5</sub> Concentration Episodes in a Small City in South Korea |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characteristics of Locally Occurring High PM<sub>2.5</sub> Concentration Episodes in a Small City in South Korea |
| title_short | Characteristics of Locally Occurring High PM<sub>2.5</sub> Concentration Episodes in a Small City in South Korea |
| title_sort | characteristics of locally occurring high pm sub 2 5 sub concentration episodes in a small city in south korea |
| topic | PM<sub>2.5</sub> biomass burning secondary formation water soluble organic carbon principal component analysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/1/86 |
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