Particle Energization at a High Mach Number Perpendicular Shock: 1D Particle-in-cell Simulations
In this paper, we use a 1D particle-in-cell simulation code to study particle preaccelerations at a high Mach number perpendicular shock. Our simulation results show that almost all of the injected particles can be reflected at the shock front, and then they immediately gyrate back to upstream for a...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
IOP Publishing
2023-01-01
|
| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ace69c |
| _version_ | 1797698108873768960 |
|---|---|
| author | Yufei Hao Zhongwei Yang Fan Guo Terry Z. Liu Xiangliang Kong Lican Shan Dejin Wu |
| author_facet | Yufei Hao Zhongwei Yang Fan Guo Terry Z. Liu Xiangliang Kong Lican Shan Dejin Wu |
| author_sort | Yufei Hao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this paper, we use a 1D particle-in-cell simulation code to study particle preaccelerations at a high Mach number perpendicular shock. Our simulation results show that almost all of the injected particles can be reflected at the shock front, and then they immediately gyrate back to upstream for a long distance. That facilitates the formation of a large-scale shock foot where they dominate the average velocity of particles and the formation of resultant electric fields with several subareas, unlike a low Mach number shock with fewer reflected particles. In the large-scale shock foot with subareas, these reflected particles can be energized by the motional electric fields and unexpected electrostatic fields, which means they may undergo multiple stages of preacceleration processes when gyrating just before the high Mach number perpendicular shock front with high-intensity particle reflection. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T03:49:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6a961fc532184bf19c2c2702f5f03625 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T03:49:31Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astrophysical Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-6a961fc532184bf19c2c2702f5f036252023-09-03T12:28:40ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572023-01-0195411810.3847/1538-4357/ace69cParticle Energization at a High Mach Number Perpendicular Shock: 1D Particle-in-cell SimulationsYufei Hao0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9578-6250Zhongwei Yang1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1509-1529Fan Guo2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4315-3755Terry Z. Liu3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1778-4289Xiangliang Kong4https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1034-5857Lican Shan5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2354-9261Dejin Wu6https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2418-5508Key Laboratory of Planetary Sciences, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing, People’s Republic of China ; yfhao@pmo.ac.cn; CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, People’s Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Space Weather, National Space Science Center , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of ChinaState Key Laboratory of Space Weather, National Space Science Center , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of ChinaLos Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, NM 87545, USADepartment of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, University of California , Los Angeles, CA, USASchool of Space Science and Physics, Institute of Space Sciences, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University , Shandong, People's Republic of ChinaCAS Engineering Laboratory for Deep Resources Equipment and Technology, Institute of Geology and Geophysics , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, People’s Republic of ChinaKey Laboratory of Planetary Sciences, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing, People’s Republic of China ; yfhao@pmo.ac.cnIn this paper, we use a 1D particle-in-cell simulation code to study particle preaccelerations at a high Mach number perpendicular shock. Our simulation results show that almost all of the injected particles can be reflected at the shock front, and then they immediately gyrate back to upstream for a long distance. That facilitates the formation of a large-scale shock foot where they dominate the average velocity of particles and the formation of resultant electric fields with several subareas, unlike a low Mach number shock with fewer reflected particles. In the large-scale shock foot with subareas, these reflected particles can be energized by the motional electric fields and unexpected electrostatic fields, which means they may undergo multiple stages of preacceleration processes when gyrating just before the high Mach number perpendicular shock front with high-intensity particle reflection.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ace69cShocksPlanetary bow shocksSolar coronal mass ejection shocks |
| spellingShingle | Yufei Hao Zhongwei Yang Fan Guo Terry Z. Liu Xiangliang Kong Lican Shan Dejin Wu Particle Energization at a High Mach Number Perpendicular Shock: 1D Particle-in-cell Simulations The Astrophysical Journal Shocks Planetary bow shocks Solar coronal mass ejection shocks |
| title | Particle Energization at a High Mach Number Perpendicular Shock: 1D Particle-in-cell Simulations |
| title_full | Particle Energization at a High Mach Number Perpendicular Shock: 1D Particle-in-cell Simulations |
| title_fullStr | Particle Energization at a High Mach Number Perpendicular Shock: 1D Particle-in-cell Simulations |
| title_full_unstemmed | Particle Energization at a High Mach Number Perpendicular Shock: 1D Particle-in-cell Simulations |
| title_short | Particle Energization at a High Mach Number Perpendicular Shock: 1D Particle-in-cell Simulations |
| title_sort | particle energization at a high mach number perpendicular shock 1d particle in cell simulations |
| topic | Shocks Planetary bow shocks Solar coronal mass ejection shocks |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ace69c |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yufeihao particleenergizationatahighmachnumberperpendicularshock1dparticleincellsimulations AT zhongweiyang particleenergizationatahighmachnumberperpendicularshock1dparticleincellsimulations AT fanguo particleenergizationatahighmachnumberperpendicularshock1dparticleincellsimulations AT terryzliu particleenergizationatahighmachnumberperpendicularshock1dparticleincellsimulations AT xiangliangkong particleenergizationatahighmachnumberperpendicularshock1dparticleincellsimulations AT licanshan particleenergizationatahighmachnumberperpendicularshock1dparticleincellsimulations AT dejinwu particleenergizationatahighmachnumberperpendicularshock1dparticleincellsimulations |