Flexibility Management with Virtual Batteries of Thermostatically Controlled Loads: Real-Time Control System and Potential in Spain
Load flexibility management is a promising approach to face the problem of balancing generation and demand in electrical grids. This problem is becoming increasingly difficult due to the variability of renewable energies. Thermostatically-controlled loads can be aggregated and managed by a virtual b...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-03-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/6/1711 |
| _version_ | 1797540694788669440 |
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| author | Alejandro Martín-Crespo Sergio Saludes-Rodil Enrique Baeyens |
| author_facet | Alejandro Martín-Crespo Sergio Saludes-Rodil Enrique Baeyens |
| author_sort | Alejandro Martín-Crespo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Load flexibility management is a promising approach to face the problem of balancing generation and demand in electrical grids. This problem is becoming increasingly difficult due to the variability of renewable energies. Thermostatically-controlled loads can be aggregated and managed by a virtual battery, and they provide a cost-effective and efficient alternative to physical storage systems to mitigate the inherent variability of renewable energy sources. However virtual batteries require that an accurate control system is capable of tracking frequency regulation signals with minimal error. A real-time control system allowing virtual batteries to accurately track frequency or power signals is developed. The performance of this controller is validated for a virtual battery composed of 1000 thermostatically-controlled loads. Using virtual batteries equipped with the developed controller, a study focused on residential thermostatically-controlled loads in Spain is performed. The results of the study quantify the potential of this technology in a country with different climate areas and provides insight about the feasibility of virtual batteries as enablers of electrical systems with high levels of penetration of renewable energy sources. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:04:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6a970074fe154dffa5287338a506c2b1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:04:49Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-6a970074fe154dffa5287338a506c2b12023-11-21T11:10:42ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732021-03-01146171110.3390/en14061711Flexibility Management with Virtual Batteries of Thermostatically Controlled Loads: Real-Time Control System and Potential in SpainAlejandro Martín-Crespo0Sergio Saludes-Rodil1Enrique Baeyens2Centro Tecnológico CARTIF, Parque Tecnológico de Boecillo 305, 47151 Boecillo, SpainCentro Tecnológico CARTIF, Parque Tecnológico de Boecillo 305, 47151 Boecillo, SpainInstituto de las Tecnologías Avanzadas de la Producción, Universidad de Valladolid, Paseo del Cauce 59, 47011 Valladolid, SpainLoad flexibility management is a promising approach to face the problem of balancing generation and demand in electrical grids. This problem is becoming increasingly difficult due to the variability of renewable energies. Thermostatically-controlled loads can be aggregated and managed by a virtual battery, and they provide a cost-effective and efficient alternative to physical storage systems to mitigate the inherent variability of renewable energy sources. However virtual batteries require that an accurate control system is capable of tracking frequency regulation signals with minimal error. A real-time control system allowing virtual batteries to accurately track frequency or power signals is developed. The performance of this controller is validated for a virtual battery composed of 1000 thermostatically-controlled loads. Using virtual batteries equipped with the developed controller, a study focused on residential thermostatically-controlled loads in Spain is performed. The results of the study quantify the potential of this technology in a country with different climate areas and provides insight about the feasibility of virtual batteries as enablers of electrical systems with high levels of penetration of renewable energy sources.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/6/1711virtual batterythermostatically-controlled loadsdemand side managementfrequency regulationspain |
| spellingShingle | Alejandro Martín-Crespo Sergio Saludes-Rodil Enrique Baeyens Flexibility Management with Virtual Batteries of Thermostatically Controlled Loads: Real-Time Control System and Potential in Spain Energies virtual battery thermostatically-controlled loads demand side management frequency regulation spain |
| title | Flexibility Management with Virtual Batteries of Thermostatically Controlled Loads: Real-Time Control System and Potential in Spain |
| title_full | Flexibility Management with Virtual Batteries of Thermostatically Controlled Loads: Real-Time Control System and Potential in Spain |
| title_fullStr | Flexibility Management with Virtual Batteries of Thermostatically Controlled Loads: Real-Time Control System and Potential in Spain |
| title_full_unstemmed | Flexibility Management with Virtual Batteries of Thermostatically Controlled Loads: Real-Time Control System and Potential in Spain |
| title_short | Flexibility Management with Virtual Batteries of Thermostatically Controlled Loads: Real-Time Control System and Potential in Spain |
| title_sort | flexibility management with virtual batteries of thermostatically controlled loads real time control system and potential in spain |
| topic | virtual battery thermostatically-controlled loads demand side management frequency regulation spain |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/6/1711 |
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